非刚性匹配技术在地震资料一致性处理中的应用  

Application of non-rigid matching technique in consistency processing of seismic data

作　　者：熊艳梅[1] 徐春梅[1] 邬达理[1] 张瑶[1] 蒋波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院,南京211103

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2017年第1期306-310,共5页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家重大专项(2011ZX05045-002-003)资助

摘　　要：受地震勘探资料的采集施工方法、地表激发接收条件、复杂的地下传播介质等因素的影响会导致同一区块同一地层反射波组的频率、波形不同,静校正不彻底、速度不准会导致剩余时差,动校正拉伸会导致波形畸变,通常在常规一致性处理后的CMP/CRP道集数据仍然存在一些不一致性问题,会影响资料潜力的发挥,资料的一致性处理对处理成果品质的提高起到至关重要的作用,尤其是在多块三维连片处理、时延地震处理、过渡带探区资料处理、叠前反演处理、高分辨率处理、高精度成像处理等方面均对资料的一致性提出了更高的要求.针对该现实问题,介绍了依赖于图像的相似和有局部光滑变形(或位移)场的非刚性匹配处理技术.该技术在常规一致性处理的基础上,首先将叠前数据分选成炮检距数据,优选部分炮检距数据形成模型,然后对每一炮检距数据逐一与模型进行非刚性匹配,实现数据的一致性处理.给出了实际资料非刚性匹配一致性处理的效果,证实了该技术在提高数据的一致性、改善数据处理成果品质、保持分辨率不降低和振幅保真方面具有一定的优势.因此,该技术可适用于时延地震匹配处理、叠前角道集拉平、叠前CMP/CRP道集拉平、振幅随角度变化(AVA)处理、PS波与PP波同相轴匹配处理等.Various acquisition methods, shooting and receiving conditions,complex subsurface propagation medium lead to different frequency and wave pattern of the reflection wave group from the same formation,inadequate static correction and inaccurate velocity generate residual moveout,and NMO stretch causes wave pattern distortion; therefore, the CMP/CRP gathers usually exists inconsistency problem after conventional consistency processing,which will impact to dig the potential of the data. Consistency processing is one of the key steps to improve the quality of seismic data processing. Merging processing, time-lapse seismic,transitional zone joint processing, prestack inversion and highresolution ＆ high-precision imaging requires higher consistency of seismic data. Due to the strict requirements of consistency processing in high-precision seismic exploration, the non-rigid matching technology is introduced including its principles,characteristics and implementation, which relies on the similar images and a locally smooth deformation（ or displacement） field for matching,to solve problems such as incomplete elimination of residual moveout of CMP/CRP gathers after normal consistency processing. On the basis of conventional preprocessing,firstly,the prestack seismic data is sorted into offset data,and partial offset data is optimized to form model; then,every single offset data is carried out non-rigid matching with model to realize consistency processing. Further application of the non-rigid matching consistency technology in real data reveals its superiority in improving the quality of seismic data and resolution preservation.Therefore,the technique is applicable for time-lapse matching processing,prestack angle gather flattening,prestack CMP/CRP gather flattening,AVA processing,event matching processing of PP wave and PS wave.

关 键 词：非刚性 匹配 数据处理 一致性 剩余时差 振幅 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]