microRNA-214在恶性肿瘤中的表达及相关性的研究进展  

The Research Progress of miRNA-214 Expression in Malignant Tumor and Relationship between miRNA-214 and Malignant Tumor

作　　者：周明玉[1] 岳双磊[1] 何文杰[1] 张伟[1] 谢静[1] 吴瑾[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院内科,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2017年第4期787-790,共4页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

摘　　要：微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是广泛存在于动植物中的一类不编码蛋白质的短小的单链RNA分子,一般由22个核苷酸组成,它们可以特异性地结合mRNA并通过降解或抑制其翻译而在转录后水平调控基因表达。miRNA的表达及功能可影响许多表观遗传学特征,其功能涉及细胞的发生、生长、发育、分化和凋亡过程,在肿瘤的形成和进展过程中扮演重要角色。microRNA-214(miRNA-214,miR-214)参与肝癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、恶性黑色素瘤、胃癌、胶质瘤、儿童骨肉瘤等恶性肿瘤的发生发展,以及与肿瘤细胞的侵袭及转移密切相关。miRNA-214在不同的肿瘤中表达水平并不相同,miRNA-214在不同肿瘤中的差异表达是通过调控某个或者某些癌基因及抑癌基因而实现其参与肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭及转移的作用。因此,本文主要通过阅读大量国内外文献,总结和概括了miRNA-214参与部分恶性肿瘤发生发展的机制。虽然目前对于miRNA的理论研究已经日渐完善和成熟,但是怎样将这些研究结果应用于临床,怎样能够更准确、更便捷的通过对miRNA的检测达到对疾病的诊断、治疗以及预后评估,想必一定会成为将来研究的热点,我们期待一种新型的恶性肿瘤的分子标志物会使越来越多的肿瘤患者获益。MicroRNA（miRNA） is one of the not encoding proteins widely existing in animals and plants of short,single-strandedRNA molecules, usually consisting of 22 nucleotides. They can specifically inhibit its translation combining mRNA and hold up the regulation of gene expression in the transcription level by means of degradation. The expression and function of miRNA can affect many epigenetic characteristics, and its function was involved in the occurrence of cell, growth, development, differentiation and apoptosis process. In the process of the formation and progress of tumor, miRNA plays an significant role. The microRNA-214（the miRNA-214, miR-214） participate in the occurrence and development of the liver cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer,malignant melanoma, gastric cancer, glioma and other malignant tumor such as osteosarcoma, and it was closely related to invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. The expression of miRNA-214 shows different levels in different tumor. Different expressions of miRNA-214 in different tumor achieve the participation in the occurrence, development, invasion and transfer of tumors by means of regulating and controling one or some oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, This article mainly through reading a large number of literature at home and abroad, summarizes and generalizes the role of miRNA-214 in the mechanism of occurrence and development of malignant tumor partly. Though the theory research for miRNA have become increasingly perfect and mature, but how the results of these studies are applied to the clinical, how can more accurate and more convenient to detect miRNA for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of disease assessment, surely will become a hot research in the future, we are looking forward to make benefit to more and more cancer patients by a new type of malignant tumor molecular markers.

关 键 词：microRNA-214 恶性肿瘤 诊断 治疗 预后 

分 类 号：R730.231[医药卫生—肿瘤]