民事执行机构改革实践之反思  

Reflection on Civil Enforcement Agency Reform Practice

作　　者：黄忠顺[1] HUANG Zhong-shun(School of Law, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《现代法学》2017年第2期3-18,共16页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"迈向制度理性的民事程序研究"(14CFX028);贵州省哲学社会科学规划青年项目"审判权与执行权的分离与协作研究"(16GZQN01)

摘　　要：纷繁杂芜的民事执行机构改革实践类型化为横向静态分权、横向动态分权、集中裁决型纵向分权、集中实施型纵向分权、双重集中型纵向分权等五种模式。除了解决"执行难"问题外,当前各地法院推动执行机构改革的动机主要是预防司法腐败、提高执行机构办事效率、实现多元政治利益诉求。为防止试点法院为追逐自身利益而损害当事人及案外人合法权益,民事执行机构改革应当坚持程序利用者中心主义。民事执行权主要包括执行裁决权、执行命令权、实施事务权三种权能,其中前两种权能应当保留由执行法官行使,而无涉实质判断的简单实施事务的权能可以交给由执行员及其辅助人员行使。鉴于实施事务权与执行命令权、执行裁决权、涉执行审判权之间存在密切的联系,而且执行事务局内置于法院系统更有利于提高执行效率和减轻当事人执行负担,在全国法院系统内设置跨行政区划的、上下级法院之间垂直领导的执行事务局系统的改革思路更为可行。Miscellaneous civil enforcement organization reform practice can be divided into the following five types： horizontal static decentralization, horizontal dynamic decentralization, vertical decentralization that guarantees centralized exercise of execution adjudication power, vertical decentralization that guarantees centralized exercise of execution enforcement power, vertical decentralization that guarantees centralized exercise of the whole execution power. In addition to solve the problem of difficult enforcement, the main motivation of the courts to promote civil enforcement organization reform is to prevent judicial corruption, improve the enforcement efficiency, and achieve multiple political interests. In order to prevent the court from pursuing its own interests in stead of pursuing the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and others concerned, civil enforcemerit organization reform should take the users of the process as the center. The civil execution power includes three kinds of functions： execution adjudication power, executive order power, and power to handle specific matters. The first two powers should be reserved for the execution of the judge, and the simple implementation of the matter may be handed over to the executive and his assistant. The first two powers should be reserved for the execution of the judge, and the simple implementation of the matter may be handed over to the execution officers and their assistants. Based on the following reasons, it is more feasible to set up the cross-administrative executive affairs bureau which practices vertical system of leadership： there is a close relationship between execution adjudication power, executive order power, power to handle specific matters, and jurisdiction involved execution ; executive affairs bureau built in court system is more conducive to improve the efficiency and reduce the burden of the parties

关 键 词：执行机构 执行体制 审执分立 司法改革 当事人中心主义 

分 类 号：DF72[政治法律—诉讼法学]