日喀则地区不同海拔下婴幼儿的营养状况调查  

Investigation on nutritional status of infants and young children at different altitudes in Rikaze

作　　者：杨晓东[1] 郭翀[2] 石惠卿[3] 陈津津[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学附属儿童医院/上海市儿童医院心脏内科,上海200062 [2]福建省妇幼保健院儿童保健科/福建省儿童保健中心,福建福州350005 [3]上海交通大学附属儿童医院/上海市儿童医院儿童保健科,上海200062

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2017年第4期331-333,357,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30801205);上海市科委重大项目(12411952401);上海市科委自然科学基金(12ZR1425600);上海市科委医学引导类项目(14411965200;14411970900);慢性病综合防治项目(SHDC12015305);上海市小儿消化与营养重点实验室(14DZ2272400)

摘　　要：目的掌握日喀则地区不同海拔下婴幼儿体格发育、贫血及膳食差异,了解海拔高度对婴幼儿营养状况的影响。方法纳入日喀则地区下属9个乡参加健康体检的婴幼儿,测量体格发育指标、血红蛋白,利用问卷调查其膳食喂养。结果共纳入285名婴幼儿。居住地海拔4 000m以下的婴幼儿并无体重低下情况,但存在一定比例的生长迟缓;4 000m以上婴幼儿体重低下及生长迟缓的发生率显著增高(χ~2=32.323,P<0.001)。当地贫血发生率较高,且随海拔上升增高(χ~2=19.369,P<0.001)。当地母乳喂养率达66.7%,但44.6%辅食添加早于4月龄。结论高海拔地区婴幼儿营养不良更为显著;日喀则地区婴幼儿贫血发生率高,且随海拔高度上升增高;日喀则地区母乳喂养普及率较高,但普遍辅食添加过早。Objective To investigate the difference in physical development, anemia and diet of infants and young children at different altitudes in Rikaze,and to explore the effect of altitude on their nutritional status. Methods The study coverd infants and young children who participated in health check-up in 9 countries in Rikaze. Physical development indexes and hemoglob.in were collected. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate their diet. Results The sample consisted of 285 infants and young children. Infants and young children at 4 000 m below had no underweight,but there was a certain proportion of growth retardation; the incidences of underweight and growth retardation in infants and young children at 4 000 m above were significantly higher （x2 = 32. 323,P〈0. 001）. The incidence of anemia was high, and increased with altitude （x2 = 19. 369, P〈0. 001）. The breast-feeding rate was 66.7 % in Rikaze, however, 44.6% of infants and young chil dren added complementary foods before 4 months old. Conclusions The malnutrition of infants and young children at high altitude is more serious. The incidence of anemia in infants and young children in Rikaze is high,and increases with altitude. The breast-feeding rate is high in Rikaze, but the complementary foods is too early.

关 键 词：海拔 体格发育 贫血 膳食 婴幼儿 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]