多民族国家共同体的建构与治理——身份政治的发展与影响  

Construction and Governance of Multi-national Community:On the Development and Influence of Identity Politics

作　　者：马俊毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《学术界》2017年第2期97-106,共10页Academics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"多民族国家精神共同体建构及中华民族精神共同体研究"(项目编号:16BMZ001)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：基于民族认同的民族主义政治对于建构现代民族国家具有决定影响;对于亚国家层次多民族和族群政治身份的承认,促成了多民族国家共同体的建构。20世纪下半期开始,身份政治的发展及政治治理对于身份政治诉求的有效应对,促进了西方自由主义政治哲学的发展和治理理念、治理实践的发展。在近20年来,西方国家人口出生率下降,接纳的移民数量大幅度增长,在西方国家经济增长不力的情况下,移民对于社会造成压力,出现了本土主义。在本次英国脱欧、美国大选中,曾经作为主流群体的英国人、美国白人群体,用选票实施了"本土主义的身份政治",笔者将其总结为"反应性身份政治",[1]即在其他族群身份政治的压力下,某些群体以身份政治进行族群边界的强化和自我利益的保护。这是一个值得关注的现象,也说明身份政治具有无限的变化发展可能,对于人类政治和共同体有着重大和深刻的影响。This paper makes a diachronic study of identity politics based on ethnic groups.The basic idea is that nationalism politics based on ethnic identity had exerted a widespread and fundamental influence on the construction of modern nation-state;reorganization from the government to minority identity politics of sub-national level contributed to the construction of community in multi-national country.In the second half of the twentieth century,the development of identity politics and the effective response to the identity political demands have promoted the development of western liberalism political philosophy.In the past 20 years,the birth rate of the western countries has declined,the number of immigrants has increased substantially,and in the case of poor economic growth in the western countries,immigrants have brought pressure to the society,which led the rise of localism.Britain off the European referendum,and the United States election shows that British and American white groups implemented the'native political identity'with their votes.The author summarizes it as'responsive identity politics',which means that under the pressure of other ethnic identity politics,some native groups carry on the strengthening of ethnic boundaries and the protection of their own interests.This is a phenomenon worthy of attention.It also shows that the identity political changes in the development of unlimited possibilities,which has a significant and profound impact on human politics and community.

关 键 词：多民族国家 精神共同体 身份政治 治理现代化 反应性身份政治 

分 类 号：D032[政治法律—政治学]