仿鼹鼠足趾排列的旋耕-秸秆粉碎锯齿刀片设计与试验  

Design and experiment of bionic mole's toe arrangement serrated blade for soil-rototilling and straw-shattering

作　　者：郭俊[1] 张庆怡[1] Muhammad Sohail Memon 姬长英[1] 赵正[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031 [2]信德农业大学农业工程学院,登多贾姆巴基斯坦70060

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第6期43-50,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51275250);江苏省2015年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX15_0564)

摘　　要：随着保护性耕作的不断发展,实际作业中对旋耕刀性能要求愈发严格,该文在国标旋耕刀基础上,将正、侧切削刃上设计成锯齿状,然后考察实际作业过程中功耗、受力以及作业质量,检测仿鼹鼠足趾排列的旋耕-秸秆粉碎锯齿刀片的田间作业功耗和作业质量。针对该锯齿刀片和国标旋耕刀片在有秸秆颗粒和无秸秆颗粒下进行仿真分析,对比可知:在有秸秆颗粒下,由于刀具要与秸秆接触并发生挤压和剪切作用,从而导致受力以及扭矩值较大。结合理论分析,利用扭矩传感器对仿生锯齿刀和国标旋耕刀进行田间试验。根据0.5 m×0.5 m地表设置不同质量秸秆,分别为0、0.375和0.75 kg(0%、50%、100%),测定拖拉机输出扭矩以及功耗,并依照国标测试方法测定作业质量。田间试验得到扭矩与仿真变化趋势一致。当地表无秸秆和地表含50%秸秆时,锯齿刀片扭矩分别为404.05和438.33 N·m;国标旋耕刀片上扭矩分别为389.27和443.79 N·m。当地表秸秆质量分数为100%时,锯齿刀和国标旋耕刀片上扭矩分别为557.92和507.34 N·m。耕作后地表秸秆和土壤评价结果显示:不同质量含量秸秆覆盖下,仿生锯齿刀耕作后的秸秆掩埋率、土壤破碎率、长度≤15 cm秸秆比例等方面都优于国标旋耕刀。田间试验和仿真结果都显示当地表覆盖秸秆量为0%和100%时,仿生锯齿刀的扭矩高于国标旋耕刀。虽然仿生锯齿刀只在秸秆覆盖量为50%时扭矩与功耗优于国标旋耕刀,但在3种秸秆覆盖量下仿生锯齿刀的耕后地表质量都明显优于国标旋耕刀。综上考虑,在实际作业中,可适当收集田间秸秆。该研究为实现只应用一种刀片来完成旋耕和秸秆粉碎2种不同作业目标提供了参考。Tillage practice is one of the energy-consumed links in agricultural production,while the energy can be saved through proper management of blade geometry.In case of rotary tillage,the geometry of sidelong edge,lengthwise edge and transition edge plays a pivotal role in the energy consumption and working performance in the field.The continuous development of the conservation tillage puts forward higher requirements for the performance of rotary blade.In order to manage the rotary tillage process reasonably,the power consumption and working performance of blade should be better understood.In this paper,the sidelong edge and lengthwise edge of the national standard blade were designed as serrated ones and the bionic-shape transition edge was devised according to the arrangement of mole＇s toes,and later the power consumption and working performances of the bionic serrated blade and the national standard blade were investigated in the field.Meanwhile,the performances of both blades were also studied in soil with and without straw covered via discrete element method（DEM） simulation.A torque sensor was installed between the PTO（power take-off） shaft of tractor and the cardan of straw returning machine to measure the power consumption,while the straw burying rate,the soil crashing rate and the proportion with straw length ≤15 cm were used to evaluate the working performance of blade.Both simulation and experiment were performed with the rotational speed of 300-350 r/min and a constant forward speed of 0.5 m/s.The simulation was performed under 2 conditions with 0% and 100% straw covered,and the results showed that the horizontal and vertical force both increased from 0 to the maximum value and then decreased to 0,while the side force nearly remained constant in one tillage cycle.The directions of horizontal force and side force were the opposites of the working direction of blade and the blade edge,respectively,and the vertical force would change its direction when the maximum tilling depth was reached.It was

关 键 词：农业机械 仿生 扭矩 锯齿刀 旋耕刀 离散元仿真 作业质量 

分 类 号：S222.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]