中国空气污染指数时空分布特征及其变化趋势(2001-2015)  

Spatiotemporal Pattern of the Air Pollution Index and its Trend in China from 2001 to 2015

作　　者：孔锋[1,2,3,4] 吕丽莉[1] 方建[5] 徐宏辉 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局发展研究中心,北京100081 [2]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [4]民政部/教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875 [5]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [6]浙江省气象科学研究所,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《灾害学》2017年第2期117-123,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目"基于时空变化分析的气候变化对洪水灾害影响研究"(2015M582263);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金课题"气候变化对长江流域洪水灾害影响研究"(2042016kf0067);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(91544226)

摘　　要：随着城市化水平的不断提高,人类活动排放的气溶胶也迅速增多,尤其近年来雾霾天气频繁出现,导致城市空气质量已成为人们关注的热点。研究空气污染指数(API)的时空特征及其变化趋势能够为解决人们关心的空气质量问题提供依据。该文采用中国2001-2015年119个重点城市空气质量日报中的API日值数据,统计分析了不同季节的API日值时空分布格局和相应的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)在时间上,中国大部分地区多年API日值平均状况的四季大小依次是冬季>春季>秋季>夏季;(2)在空间上,中国北方地区多年API日值平均状况高于南方地区,东部沿海地区高于西部内陆地区;(3)从变化趋势上看,API日值平均状况上升趋势比较明显的区域主要集中在以京津唐为主的北方地区。其他区域API日值平均状况上升趋势和下降趋势交错出现,没有明显的区域分异规律。In recent years, China＇ s urbanization has improved continuously. Aerosol emission from human activities has increased rapidly. Especially, frequent haze events have drawn increasing public attention to air qual- ity. Studying on spatial and temporal distribution of Air Pollution Index （API） and its trend can address air quality issues of public concern. The research has found that anthropogenic emissions of pollutants as condensation nuclei affect precipitation. Therefore, in order to study the anthropogenic emissions of aerosol effects on precipitation, we must study the main pollutants of anthropogenic emissions of aerosol＇ s spatial and temporal patterns of regional differences and trends first. In this study, API daily data in 119 major cities of China are used to analyze the spring, summer, autumn and winter＇ s API temporal distribution patterns and trends. The results showed that （ 1 ） China＇ s API daily average value for years descend as winter 〉 spring 〉 autumn 〉 summer; （2） In northern Chi- na, API daily average state is higher than the southern region, the eastern coastal region is higher than the western inland regions; （3） The API daily average value upward trend with more obvious areas are mainly concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan dominated northern region. API daily average value upward trend and downward trend staggered appears in other areas.

关 键 词：空气污染指数 时空分布 区域分异 污染排放 城市化 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]