基于野外试验的玉米干旱脆弱性研究  

Research on the Maize Drought Vulnerability Based on Field Experiment

作　　者：潘东华 贾慧聪[2] 张万昌[2] 尹圆圆[3] 

机构地区：[1]民政部国家减灾中心,北京100124 [2]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所中科院数字地球重点实验室,北京100094 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《灾害学》2017年第2期150-153,180,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471428;41671505);国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0602302;2016YFB0502502);中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所资助项目(IAM201609)

摘　　要：基于人工控制田间试验的方法,选取河北黄骅基地为试验区,通过观测玉米每个生长阶段在不同干旱强度下的生物量损失数值,分析了不同干旱程度对玉米营养器官生长和生物量的影响,构建了玉米受旱的5个生育期自然脆弱性曲线。结果表明,对玉米株高影响最大的生育期是拔节期。根系对轻度缺水反应不敏感。不同生育期的干旱胁迫对玉米地上器官鲜重的影响大于对根系的影响。在轻旱致灾下,出苗-拔节期的生物量损失风险最高;在重旱致灾下,拔节-抽雄期的生物量损失风险最高。Based the experimental site, on an artificial controlling field experiment, taking Huanghua city of Hebei Province base as the effect of different drought degree on maize growth of vegetative organs and biomass were analyzed, the physical maize drought vulnerability curves of the five stages were constructed. The results show that, the most impact growth period of maize plant height was the jointing stage. Root system was not sensitive to small degree of water shortage. The effect of drought stress at different stages of corn on greater than that of root system. Under the low drought hazard-inducing degree, the ground organs fresh weight is emergence-jointing stage has the highest biomass loss risk. Under the high drought hazard-inducing degree, jointing to tasseling stage has the highest biomass loss risk.

关 键 词：野外试验 脆弱性曲线 玉米旱灾 河北黄骅 生育期 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] S423[农业科学—植物保护]