大气颗粒物和气态污染物的降雨清除效率及影响因素  

Atmospheric Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants Removal Efficiency by Rainfall and the Influencing Factors

作　　者：邹长伟[1] 黄虹[1] 杨帆[1] 刘星[1] 曾宝强[2] 朱方旭 刘毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学资源环境与化工学院,江西南昌330031 [2]香港教育学院 [3]核工业二七0所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2017年第1期133-140,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(NSFC 41265009)

摘　　要：降雨是大气污染物最重要的汇大气污染物影响雨水化学组成,定量化大气污染物的降雨清除效率能为大气污染的准确模拟和污染控制的人工干预提供重要科学依据。2014年9月29日-2015年1月12日,采样监测南昌地区降雨前后大气污染物,分析降雨状况,计算和比较降雨对不同大气污染物的清除效率,讨论不同因素对清除过程的影响,结果显示,降雨对大气污染物有清除作用,对不同污染物的清除效果不同大气颗粒物的清除效率高于气态污染物的原因是作用机制的不同3种气态污染物清除效率的区别是因为水溶性的差异;多天连续降雨使大气污染物的降雨清除效率呈下降趋势;降雨量与大气污染物的降雨清除效率呈正相关;降雨强度越大大气污染物的降雨清除效率越高;大气压因影响降雨量,而间接影响大气污染物的降雨清除效率相对湿度71.1%~93%范围内,相对湿度越大大气污染物的降雨清除效率越大。Rainfall is one of most important sink of atmospheric pollutants.Air pollutants affect water chemical composition.It is very significant to quantify atmospheric pollutants removal efficiency by rainfall accurately,which could offer basis data to the simulation of atmospheric pollution and the intervention and removement of atmosphereic pollution by man scientifically.Several air pollutants（TSP,SO2,NO2,NH3） before and after raining in Nanchang were sampled and determined from September 29,2014 to January 12,2015.At the same time,rain was collected and weather factors were recorded.Atmospheric pollutants removal efficiency by rainfall were calculated and compared.Affection fators on removal efficiency of pollutants were discussed.Results showed that certain degree atmospheric pollutants were removed by rainfall.But removal efficenecies of different pollutants were different.Removal efficiency of particulate was higher than that of gaseous pollutants because of different effects mechanism on the pollutants by rainfall.The sorting of removal efficiency of gaseous pollutants by rainfall depends on the sorting of their solubility in water.Continuous days of rain make removal efficiency of air pollutants declining.Rainfall capacity and removal efficiency of pollutants by rainfall were positively correlated.The greater the rainfall intensity,the higher the atmospheric pollutants removal efficiency of rainfall was.Atmospheric pressure affects removal efficiency of pollutants by rainfall indirectly by affecting rainfall capacity directly.During certain relative humidity range from71.1%to 93%,the greater the relative humidity,the higher removal efficiency of pollutants was.

关 键 词：大气污染物 TSP SO2 NO2 NH3 降雨 清除 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]