重庆市居民头发重金属富集特征及相关性分析  

Bioaccumulation and Correlation of Heavy Metals in Human Hairs From Urban and Rural Areas of Chongqing

作　　者：何明靖[1,2] 李琦[1] 王登祥[1] 赵佳渊 杨婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室,重庆400716

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第4期1697-1703,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41403078);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XDJK2016B042);重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究专项(cstc2016jcyj A0399)

摘　　要：本研究利用火焰原子吸收法测定了重庆主城与郊区居民头发中镉、铜、镍、铅和锌等5种重金属的浓度水平,比较分析了人发中5种重金属含量水平及与年龄、性别和吸烟与否的关系,最后通过相关性分析和主成分分析初步了解重庆居民人发中重金属可能的来源.结果表明,重庆主城人发中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均含量分别为3.1、24.3、9.7、42.8和209.6μg·g^(-1),郊区居民人发的平均含量分别为0.9、15.8、5.6、15.2和173.4μg·g^(-1);5种重金属在主城居民头发中的含量均显著高于郊区居民头发中含量(t-检验,P<0.01),并且其组成与居民附近土壤样品的组成基本一致;5种重金属的含量在不同年龄段人群中的分布没有明显趋势,只是在郊区居民头发中的Cu和Zn含量随着年龄增长而减少;主城和郊区男性头发中Cd和Pb含量均显著高于女性(P<0.01),并且在主城和郊区吸烟者头发中的Cd和Pb显著高于非吸烟者(P<0.01);通过相关性分析发现主城和郊区中Cd、Cu、Ni和Pb之间具有相似的相关性模式,并且主成分分析结果显示,在主城中,人发Cu、Ni和Pb具有相似的来源,而在郊区中,人发Cd、Ni和Pb具有相似的来源.In the present study,human hair samples were collected in Chongqing to detect the concentrations of heavy metals including Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Meanwhile,the relationship between the content of heavy metals and age,gender and smoking habits was also analyzed,and the potential sources of the heavy metals in human hair were understood through correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that the mean concentrations of Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn were 3.1,24.3,9.7,42.8 and 209.6 μg·g^-1,respectively in urban areas,while the mean contents were 0.9,15.8,5.6,15.2 and 173.4 μg·g^-1,respectively in rural area.The residents living in urban areas exhibited significantly higher concentrations than those in rural area,revealing the same heavy metal pattern with that in soils（t-test,P〈0.01）.No obvious trend was observed between the contents of heavy metals and age,except that the contents of Cu and Zn were increasing with the growth of age.Significantly higher concentrations of Cd and Pb were both observed in male hair and smokers than those in female and nonsmokers,respectively in urban and rural areas（P〈0.01）.Similar correlation patterns among Cd,Cu,Ni and Pb were found both in urban and rural areas.According to principal component analysis,Cu,Ni and Pb contaminations had similar sources in urban areas,whereas Cd,Ni and Pb had similar sources in rural area.

关 键 词：人发 重金属 年龄 性别 相关性 重庆 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]