天津青少年营养状况、体重认知及不健康减肥行为调查  

Nutritional status,self-evaluation of weight and unhealthy weight control behaviors among adolescent students in Tianjin

作　　者：马洁[1] 江国虹[1] 朱传芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心非传染病预防控制所,天津300011

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2017年第4期563-569,共7页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解天津市青少年营养状况、自我体重认知情况以及不健康减肥行为现状,为制定科学有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法 2013年采用集体自填匿名问卷调查方法,对分层整群随机抽取的36所中学、6所大学的8 194名学生进行调查。结果天津市青少年偏瘦、超重及肥胖发生率分别为11.53%、11.62%和6.52%,男生超重及肥胖发生率(15.59%、9.16%)明显高于女生(8.19%、4.23%);12岁年龄组学生肥胖率为13.88%,达各年龄组最高;大学阶段学生超重、肥胖率最低,分别为8.72%、2.78%;经济地区好的学生肥胖率(7.71%)最高,核心家庭学生肥胖率(6.38%)最低。多因素logistic回归分析显示,性别、是否寄宿、喝饮料、吃甜点、吃快餐、经济水平、玩电子游戏是儿童超重肥胖发生的影响因素(均P<0.05)。51.76%的青少年存在体重认知偏移,消瘦青少年中有8.04%认为体重偏重或很重,正常青少年中有37.64%认为体重偏重或很重,但超重和肥胖学生中分别有16.91%、26.77%没有正确认知自己的体重状况,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3 061.461,P=0.01)。在过去30 d,有22.80%的青少年为减肥或控制体重而锻炼,同时有21.19%采取不健康减肥行为,且随着体重增加发生不健康减肥行为的情况越严重(χ^(2趋势)=41.086,P=0.000)。结论天津市青少年消瘦、与超重肥胖情况并存,处于较高水平,部分青少年对自身体重没有正确认知,且存在不健康减肥行为。Objective To study the nutritional status, cognition on self-evaluated weight and unhealthy weight con- trol behaviors among adolescent students in Tianjin city and to provide evidences for effective intervention. Methods A self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 8 194 students of 11 -26 years old recruited with stratified cluster random sampling from 36 middle schools and 6 universities in Tianjin city in 2013. Results The rate of emaciation, overweight, and obesity among the students were 11.53%, 11.62, and 6. 52%, respectively. The rate of overweight and obesity were obviously higher among the boy students than among the girl students （15.59% vs. 8. 19% and 9. 16% vs. 4. 23% ）. The highest rate of obesity （ 13.88% ） was reported by the students aged 12 years and the lowest rate of overweight and obesity （8. 72% and 2. 78% ）were reported by the college students. A higher obe- sity rate （7. 71% ） was reported by the students from regions with better economic condition and a lower obesity rate was reported by the students from nuclear families. The results of the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that gender, whether being a boarding student, consumption of soft drinks, dessert eating behavior, fast food eating behavior, familial economic condition, and whether playing video games were influence factors of overweight and obesity among the students （P 〈 0.05 for all）. Of all the students, 51.76 % had biased cognition on their weight;of the students with emaciation and normal weight,8.04% and 37.64% perceived their weight as heavier or very heavy;whereas, of the students with overweight and obesity, 16. 91% and 26. 77% had incorrect cognition on their weight, with a significant difference （X^2 = 3 061. 461, P = 0. 01 ）. In the survey, there were 22. 80% of the students reporting having physical exercise to lose or control weight during the previous 30 days and 21.19% reporting taking unhealthy activities to lose weight;the reported pr

关 键 词：消瘦 超重 肥胖 体重 减肥 青少年 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]