西部贫困农村地区婴幼儿社会情感现状及其影响因素研究  

Social-emotional Status and Correlation Factors of Infants and Toddlers in Poor Rural Areas of Western China

作　　者：叶睿雪 孙率 杨文博[1] 吴玉菊[1] 陈跃辉[1] 周欢[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院,四川省成都市610041

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2017年第12期1480-1485,共6页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：美国中华医学会基金(CMB)资助(CMB 12-118)

摘　　要：背景婴幼儿的社会情感对其健康成长与未来发展至关重要,是不可忽视的一方面。目的调查西部贫困农村地区婴幼儿的社会情感现状,分析影响婴幼儿社会情感的相关因素,以提出有针对性的改善措施。方法2012年6月,以四川省凉山彝族自治州和甘肃省甘南藏族自治州的贫困农村地区为研究现场,采用多阶段随机抽样法,最终抽取9个县26个乡镇78个村的1 328例3~20个月婴幼儿看护人为调查对象。调查问卷由结构式问卷和婴幼儿社会情感量表(ASQ:SE)组成,并进行面对面访谈式调查。结构式问卷包括婴幼儿人口学资料(性别、月龄、民族、家庭子女数、顺产儿或剖宫产儿、早产儿或非早产儿、出生地、家庭低保情况)、近2周内生病情况、家庭房屋价值以及婴幼儿母亲人口学资料(职业、受教育年限、认为最合适的开奶时间、早开奶情况、购买婴幼儿相关图书情况)。记录婴幼儿的社会情感现状,并采用多元线性回归分析婴幼儿社会情感的影响因素。结果共发放调查问卷1 328份,最终完成问卷调查且为回收有效问卷1 302份,回收有效率98.04%。1 302例婴幼儿中男685例(52.61%),女617例(47.39%);3~8个月393例(30.18%),9~14个月493例(37.87%),15~20个月416例(31.95%);近2周内生过病的婴幼儿737例(56.61%),未生过病565例(43.39%);婴幼儿母亲:在家务农或带孩子1 179例(90.55%),在外打工123例(9.45%);受教育年限<9年991例(76.11%),≥9年311例(23.89%);认为最合适的开奶时间≤1 h 442例(33.95%),2~12 h 372例(28.57%),13~24 h 74例(5.68%),>24 h 414例(31.80%);早开奶445例(34.18%),未早开奶857例(65.82%);购买过婴幼儿相关图书53例(4.07%),未购买过1 249例(95.93%)。3~8、9~14、15~20个月婴幼儿ASQ:SE评分分别为(45.1±26.4)(59.0±30.3)(61.5±34.1)分。3~8、9~14、15~20个月婴幼儿存在社会情感问题的分别为190例(48.35%)、309例(62.68%)、252例(60.58%),即1 302例婴幼儿中共有7Background Social-emotional development plays a nonnegligible and vital role in the healthy growth and future development of infants and toddlers.Objective To investigate the social-emotional status and correlation factors in infants and toddlers in poor rural areas of western China,so as to put forward targeted improvement measures.Methods This study was conducted in June 2012. The participants were the caregivers （n =1328）of infants （aged 3 -20 months）from 78 selected villages governed by 26 towns in 9 national-level poor counties in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu by using multi - stage random sampling method. A face - to - face interview was conducted in the caregivers by using the structured questionnaire and Ages ＆amp; Stages Questionnaires：Social Emotional （ASQ：SE）. The structured questionnaire includes the demographic data of infants or toddlers （gender,age,nationality,the number of sibling,vaginal delivery or cesarean section,premature infants or not,birthplace,family subsistence allowances,the history of illness within two weeks,value of the house the family living in）,and demographic information of the mothers of infants or toddlers （occupation, years of schooling, the most appropriate time for initiating breastfeeding, the situation of initiating breastfeeding,whether purchasing books related to infants or toddlers or not）. We recorded the social-emotional status of the infants and toddlers and analyzed the correlation factors by using a multiple linear regression model.Results Atotal of 1328 questionnaires were issued,and both 1302 responsive ones were returned,suggesting that the responsiveness of the survey was 98. 04%,and the final participants were 1302. Status of the infants and toddlers found by the survey：52. 61%（685/1302）of them were male,47. 39% （617/1302 ）were female;30. 18% （393/1302 ）aged from 3 to 8 months,37. 86% （493/1302）aged from 9 to 14 months,31. 95%（416/1302）aged from 15

关 键 词：贫困 农村人口 婴儿 社会情感 影响因素 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学]