含稀土磷矿石稀土浸出实验研究  

Study on RE Leaching from RE-bearing Phosphate Rock

作　　者：吴林[1,2,3] 张杰[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学矿业学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省非金属矿产资源综合利用重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省优势矿产资源高效利用工程实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《稀土》2017年第2期56-65,共10页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51164004);贵州省科技厅重大专项(黔科合重大专项[20116023]);贵州大学研究生创新基金项目(研理工2015069)

摘　　要：为研究含稀土磷矿湿法分解过程中稀土的综合回收,进行了磷矿硫酸浸出与磷石膏有机酸浸出实验。实验结果表明,在硫酸分解磷矿过程中添加表面活性剂PEG-400,硫酸钙结晶性能得以改善,稀土浸出率提高到45.11%;并进一步采用有机酸YL-1(甲酸)、YL-2、YL-3和YL-4(酒石酸)分别对磷石膏进行浸出,使部分磷石膏中呈吸附态的稀土解吸进入浸出液,以YL-2效果最好,且适当增加YL-2浓度、温度及反应时间均可促进稀土解吸,稀土浸出率达20.78%,最终稀土总浸出率为65.89%。这对现有湿法磷酸生产而言,稀土浸出率提高,磷石膏中稀土损失减少。In order to study on the comprehensive recovery of rare earths in the wet process of RE - bearing phosphate rock, the leaching tests of phosphate rock by sulfuric acid and phosphogypsum by organic acid were conducted. The results show that the surfactant PEG - 400 in the leaching process of phosphate rock by sulfuric acid could enhance the crystallization behavior of calcium sulfate and RE leaching rate to 45.11%. Then, the organic acids YL - 1 （ formic acid） , YL - 2, YL - 3 and YL -4 （tartaric acid）were used in the leaching of phosphogypsum respectively, some rare earths adsorbed by phosphogypsum were desorbed into the leaching solution. Among them, YL - 2 had the best effect, and the desorption of rare earths was promoted by increasing the YL- 2 concentration, temperature and reaction time properly, the RE leaching rate was 20.78% , with overall RE leaching rate as high as 65.89%. In terms of the existing wet phosphoric acid production, it can enhance RE leaching rate and reduce the loss of rare earths in phosphogypsum.

关 键 词：磷矿 稀土 浸出 磷石膏 有机酸 

分 类 号：TD98[矿业工程—选矿]