垄作覆膜对川中丘区土壤物理性状和春玉米产量的影响  

Effects of different ridging and mulching measures on soil physical properties and yield of spring maize in hilly area of central Sichuan basin

作　　者：谢孟林 查丽[1] 郭萍[1] 王兴龙[1] 马晓君[1] 袁继超[1] 孔凡磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第2期31-38,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31301282);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B13);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2014NZ0040)

摘　　要：采用大田试验,设置垄作覆膜(A1B1)、平作覆膜(A1B2)、垄作不覆膜(A2B1)、平作不覆膜(A2B2)4个处理,研究垄作与覆膜对川中丘区春玉米田土壤物理性状和产量的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖显著提高了丘陵旱地玉米生育前期耕层土壤水分和温度;垄作栽培显著降低耕层土壤容重,增大土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度;垄作与覆膜措施相结合可有效改善土壤水热状况和物理结构。从玉米穗部性状和产量看,覆膜显著提高玉米穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、百粒重,降低秃尖长,产量较不覆膜处理平均增加20.2%。垄作对玉米穗部性状和产量的影响因覆膜与否而异。覆膜下,垄作较平作显著提高了穗粒数,降低了秃尖长,产量较平作增加7.7%;不覆膜下,垄作则显著降低穗粒数、百粒重,产量较平作降低12.6%。相关分析表明玉米产量与生育前期土壤温度和土壤含水量呈显著正相关关系。垄作覆膜通过提高玉米生育前期土壤温度和含水量,改善了耕层土壤物理性状,最终提高了玉米产量。Maize is one of the main grain crops in the hilly area of central Sichuan basin. However its spring maize production is constrained by low temperature and drought during the early growth stage. Plastic film mulching is an effective practice to improve soil temperature,soil water content and crop yield in rain-fed farming area. A field experiment was conducted with the aim to identify the effects of different ridging and mulching measures on soil physical properties soil temperature,soil water content,soil bulk density,soil porosity,soil capillary porosity and spring maize yield. The trial was a random block design with 3 replications and 4 treatments which included ridge planting with plastic film mulching(A1B1),flat planting with plastic film mulching(A1B2),ridge planting with no plastic film mulching(A2B1),flat planting with no plastic film mulching(A2B2). The results showed that film mulching effectively reduced the evaporation loss of soil water of topsoil(0 ~ 20 cm) during maize seedling and jointing stage and thus improved its soil water content which significantly improved the soil temperature at 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer during the early growth stage as well. Ridge planting reduced soil bulk density,increased soil total porosity and capillary porosity in topsoil(0 ~ 20 cm). Ridge planting had more marked effects in promoting improvement of the soil hydrothermal condition and physical structure when combined with film mulching. Compared with no plastic film mulching treatment,film mulching treatment significantly improved maize ear length,ear diameter,grains per spike,100-grains weight,and reduced barren tip,and its maize yield increased by an average of 20.2%. The effects of ridge planting on maize ear traits and yield depended on mulching or not. When under mulching,ridge planting significantly improved the grains per spike,reduced the barren tip,and its maize yield increased by 7. 7% compared with flat planting; on the contrary,when under no mulching condition,ridge planting significantly reduced the grains

关 键 词：垄作 覆膜 土壤水分 土壤温度 春玉米 川中丘区 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S152.75