农村脑血管病患者和照顾者的需求及其影响因素  

Needs and influencing factors of patients with cerebrovascular disease and their c aregivers in rural areas

作　　者：王春茹[1,3] 李新[1] 夏晓爽[1] 张天丽[1] 王佩璐[1] 董琪[1] 王林[2] 刘鸣[4] 王立平 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学第二医院神经内科,300211 [2]天津医科大学第二医院干部保健科,300211 [3]天津市宁河区医院神经内科,301500 [4]四川大学华西医院神经内科,成都610041

出　　处：《国际脑血管病杂志》2017年第2期134-139,共6页International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨农村脑血管病患者和照顾者的需求及其影响因素。方法本研究采用由世界卒中组织设计的针对卒中患者及其照顾者的网上调查问卷，并根据中国国情进行修改。对住院的农村脑血管病患者及其照顾者的一般情况、心理支持、卒中相关知识、诊疗及护理、社会支持及功能恢复需求方面进行问卷调查。结果共514例卒中患者及其照顾者（514名）完成问卷调查。93.0%的患者对心理支持方面有需求，其次是临床诊疗及护理（84.8%）、卒中知识（74.7%）、社会支持及功能恢复（53.5%）；95.1%的照顾者对心理支持方面有需求，其次是卒中知识（89.9%）、临床诊疗及护理（84.0%）、社会支持及功能恢复（66.3%）。照顾者在卒中知识、社会支持及功能恢复需求方面程度高于患者（P均〈0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示，年龄、性别、文化程度、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分、距首次卒中发病时间是脑血管病患者及其照顾者需求的影响因素。结论脑血管病患者及其照顾者的许多需求未得到满足，特别是心理需求。应根据脑血管病患者及其照顾者的不同需求提供区域性和个体化的服务，增强群众的卒中防治意识，并不断完善农村卫生服务体系的建设。ObjectiveTo investigate the needs and influencing factors of patients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregivers in rural areas.MethodsAn online questionnaire designed by World Stroke Organization for stroke patients and their caregivers was used, and modified appropriately according to China＇s national conditions. A questionnaire survey about general situation, and needs for psychological support, stroke-related knowledge, diagnosis and nursing, social support, and functional recovery in inpatients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregivers in rural areas was performed.ResultsA total of 514 patients with stroke and their caregivers （n=514） completed the questionnaires. 93.0% of the patients had the needs for mental support, followed by clinical diagnosis and nursing （84.8%）, stroke knowledge （74.7%）, social support and functional recovery （53.5%）; 95.1% of the caregivers had the needs for mental support, followed by stroke knowledge （89.9%）, clinical diagnosis and nursing （84.0%）, social support, and functional recovery （66.3%）. The degree of need for stroke knowledge, social support, and functional recovery in caregivers was higher than that in the patients （all P〈0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, degree of education, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and the time from the first stroke onset were the influencing factors of needs for patients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregiver. ConclusionsMany needs have not been met in patients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregivers, especially the psychological demand. The regional and individual services should be provided according to the different demands in patients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregivers, enhance the awareness of the prevention and treatment of stroke, and continuously improve the construction of rural health service system.

关 键 词：卒中 脑缺血 脑出血 脑缺血发作 短暂性 幸存患者 医疗护理提供者 需求估价 

分 类 号：R743[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]