汶川地震公路隧道震害规律研究  

Damage to Highway Tunnels Caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake

作　　者：臧万军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建工程学院土木工程学院,福州350108 [2]地下工程福建省高校重点实验室,福州350108

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2017年第2期17-25,共9页Modern Tunnelling Technology

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2016J01205;2014J01170);中铁二十四局集团福建铁路建设有限公司科研项目(GY-H-15034)

摘　　要：结合汶川地震灾区公路隧道震害资料,文章制定了公路隧道震害量化指标并进行分级,对汶川地震公路隧道震害规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:隧道衬砌开裂长度占隧道总长度比例最高,二次衬砌垮塌及仰拱错台长度次之;多数震害类型在V级围岩中发生的比例均高于其它级别围岩;X、XI度地震烈度区,断层段破坏程度最严重,其次是洞口段;震害严重程度随震中距增加而迅速衰减,发生严重以上震害的隧道集中于10 km以内,近三分之二发生于20 km范围;坚硬岩体中的隧道,震害程度随埋深增加而减轻,软弱围岩中的隧道,震害程度与埋深关系不明确;发生严重以上震害的隧道,实际地震烈度均高于设防烈度,出现中等震害的隧道,近三分之二的隧道实际地震烈度高于设防烈度;隧道轴线与发震断层交角为60°~90°,震害严重,轴线与发震断层交角为30°~60°,震害相对较轻;防水板致使初期支护和二次衬砌在地震时不能协同工作,增加震害风险。Quantitative indicators and a classification system of seismic damages to highway tunnels were developed based on a study of the seismic damage rules for highway tunnels in the Wenchuan seismic area. The results show that： the proportion of tunnel lining crack length is the highest along the total length of tunnel, and the length of secondary lining collapse and inverted arch dislocation goes the second; the proportion of most types of damage in surrounding rock of grade V is higher than that in surrounding rocks of other grades; in the area with X ＆ XI seismic intensities, damage at the fault section is the worst, and the damage at the portal section comes the second; the seismic damage severity decays quickly with increased distance from the epicenter, and the tunnels most seriously damaged are mostly located less than 10 km away from the epicenter, and nearly two-thirds of them are within 20 km; the degree of seismic damage to the tunnel in hard rock decreases with an increase of buried depth, and the relation- ship between the degree of damage and buried depth is unclear regarding tunnels in soft rock; the actual seismic in- tensities are higher than the fortification intensities specified for the tunnels with serious damage, and as for tunnels with moderate damage, nearly two-thirds of them have higher seismic intensities than the designed ones; seismic damage is serious when the crossing angle between the tunnel axis and the seismogenic fault is 60°-90°, and it is relatively light under angles of 30°-60°; and the primary support and secondary lining can＇t work cooperatively during an earthquake because of the waterproof membrane, which increases the risk of seismic damage.

关 键 词：隧道 震害 规律 

分 类 号：U459.2[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]