超越私人——论马克思对市民社会中人的分析和批判  

Transcending the Private Man:Karl Marx's Critique and Reveal on the Man in Civil Society

作　　者：谭清华[1] 吉昌华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院 [2]中国人民大学马克思主义学院党委

出　　处：《中国高校社会科学》2017年第3期76-83,共8页Social Sciences in Chinese Higher Education Institutions

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"超越私人:马克思公人思想及其规范意义研究"(14CZX004)阶段性成果

摘　　要：马克思和黑格尔一样,都把私人看成市民社会中的人,其主要特性就是利己、非人和彼此对立。私人与私人之间的彼此对立,是私人的本质特征,也是私人之为私的实质。在马克思看来,人的社会性是人的本质属性,其实质是建立在人与人的差别基础上的统一性。所以,私人是与人的本质属性即社会性相对立的人。马克思基于人的社会性本质对私人进行了分析,尤其是当私人随着资产阶级政治解放上升为人的"真正的"和唯一的形式时,他对私人的这种现实性和普遍性进行了激烈批判。毫无疑问,这种批判蕴含了马克思对人的真正形式和真正的人的理解和追求。The ideas of the private man in Karl Marx’s thought are mainly derived from Hegel andboth of who see the private man as the membership of civil society.The private man,in Karl Marx’s opinion,have such characteristic as self-interesting,alternative alien,exclusive,all of which are understood as the private man by Karl Marx.The opposition among the private man is the essential property as well as what makes the man to be the private man.Therefore,the private man is conflict with the essence of human being,that is,the sociality of the human being because of which is the communal share based on the difference between person and person.Karl Marx discloses the private man on the grounds of the sociality of human being,especially,when the private man has become the sole and the real one with the political revolution of the bourgeoisie and he takes stern criticism on the actuality and the university of the private man,which indicates Karl Marx’s ideas on the real man.

关 键 词：私人 利己性 社会性 

分 类 号：A811.1[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]