新疆孔雀河流域生态退化问题与保护恢复研究  

Research on Ecological Degradation,Protection and Restoration of Peacock River Basin,Xinjiang

作　　者：吾买尔江.吾布力 李卫红[2] 朱成刚[2] 陈海燕[2] 陈亚宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆环境保护》2017年第1期8-12,共5页Environmental Protection of Xinjiang

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAC15B02)

摘　　要：保护孔雀河流域荒漠河岸林对阻挡库木塔格沙漠与塔克拉玛干沙漠合拢、维系塔里木河下游"绿色走廊"具有重要意义。本文对孔雀河流域生态问题进行了诊断分析,提出孔雀河流域的水资源过度开发已经超出了环境的承载能力,耕地面积的不断扩大和农业用水量的不断增加,强烈挤占了生态用水。产生这些问题与流域生态水权管理体制缺失,监管体系不健全有关。针对此,提出要改变以往完全依赖扩大种植面积实现经济增长的发展模式,控制流域灌溉面积;实现地表水、地下水两水统管;以水定地,积极推广节水技术;实施差别水价,建立生产用水的市场调节机制;加快孔雀河沿岸胡杨林区的"退耕、封井、还水"行动,构建孔雀河流域生态管护与合作机制,明晰孔雀河流域胡杨林生态管护的权责。Conservation of desert riparian forest in Peacock River Basin is of great significance to prevent Kumtag Des- ert and Taklimakan Desert from combining, and to maintain ＂ Green Corridor＂ in the lower reaches of Tarim River. This article diagnoses and analyzes the ecological problems in Peacock River Basin, and puts forward that excessive exploitation of water sources in Peacock River Basin has exceeded the bearing capacity of the environment, and that continuous expansion of agricultural acreage and continuous increase of agricultural water consumption crowds out eco- logical water.These problems are related to lack of ecological water right administration system in the basin and incom- plete monitoring system. Therefore, this article puts forward a proposal to change the previous development mode of e- conomic growth by completely relying on expansion of cultivated area, and to control the irrigation area in the basin; to realize unified management of surface water and groundwater resources; to promote water-saving technologies by determining cultivated land on the basis of water resources ; to implement differential water price, and establish a mar- ket adjustment mechanism of production water; to accelerate the implementation of ＂returning farmland, closing well, returning water＂ for Populus euphratica forest area along the back of Peacock River, and build an ecological manage- ment, protection and cooperation mechanism for Peacock River Basin, and make clear the responsibilities of ecological management and protection in Peacock River Basin.

关 键 词：生态退化 生态用水 地下水 保护对策 孔雀河 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]