福建漳江口本土红树植物秋茄替代互花米草生态修复效果定量评价  

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION BY NATIVE-INVASIVE SPECIES REPLACEMENT FOR MANGROVE WETLANDS IN ZHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARY, FUJIAN

作　　者：冯建祥[1,2] 宁存鑫 朱小山[1] 林光辉[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学深圳研究生院海洋学部,深圳518055 [2]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [3]哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院土木环境与工程学院,深圳518055 [4]清华大学地球系统科学系,北京100084

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2017年第2期266-275,共10页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项;201305021号;中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目;2015M581071号;深圳市基础研究学科布局项目;JCYJ20150529164918736号

摘　　要：本文从生物群落结构、非生物环境质量及生态系统功能三个方面构建了滨海湿地生态修复效果定量评价指标体系,并对福建漳江口本土红树秋茄替代入侵种互花米草生态修复效果进行了定量评价。结果表明:秋茄可有效抑制互花米草的生长,其生长指标在4年修复样地和约15年修复样地的评分等级分别为"差"和"好",即红树植物生长缓慢,至少需要十余年的时间才能恢复到60%以上;修复工程的开展并未对底栖动物多样性产生显著影响,两修复样地评分均为"优";沉积物生源要素生态风险评价显示,漳江口滨海湿地受到较严重的氮污染,碳、磷含量也超过了正常范围;生态系统功能指标方面,4年样地评分低于0.8,属"劣"的级别,而约15年样地评分为2.32,属"中"的级别,其中食物网功能达到"优"的级别。两修复样地综合评分等级则为"差"和"中",表明虽然红树植物替代结合物理手段能够抑制互花米草生长,但其植物群落结构和生态系统功能的修复所需年限较长,需要投入很大的人力和资源。Using grey clustering and rapid assessment methods, a comprehensive system of assessment was built for the effectiveness of ecological restoration of coastal wetlands in Zhangjiang River estuary, Fujian, East China. The system deploys indices describing the community structure, abiotic factors, and ecosystem functions. The study area was under remediation by planting native mangrove Kandelia obovata to depress invasive Spartina alterniflora. The native mangrove was shown able to inhibit the growth of S. alterniflora. The restoration progressed steadily, and it reached 60% recovery in approximately two decades as the mangrove propagated firmly. The restoration did not affect local benthic macrofaunal community and ranked ＂Excellent＂ in two sites. Meanwhile, ecological risk assessment on biogenic elements in sediment indicates that the estuary wetland suffered from heavy nitrogen pollution and the levels of organic carbon and total phosphorous exceeded normal criteria. Moreover, scoring on ecosystem function of a 4year restoration site remained at level ＂Poor＂, while that of a 15year site at level ＂Medium＂. On food web function, it reached level ＂Excellent＂. The overall restoration level for the two sites was scored at 1.57 and 2.28, or ＂Poor＂ and ＂Medium＂, respectively. Therefore, the native-invasive replacement with physical treatment was proven practicable. However, the restoration shall be along-lasting process and requires great labor and financial inputs.

关 键 词：灰色聚类 秋茄 大型底栖动物 碳库 食物网 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]