铝导线熔珠内部孔洞特征规律  

Characteristic law of the internal holes in aluminum wire beads

作　　者：郭少斐 王芸[1] 段冶[1] 张潇丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队学院,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《电焊机》2017年第4期104-107,共4页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：随着电气化的普及,因电气线路短路、过负荷以及电气装置工作异常等因素导致的火灾逐年增多。利用电焊机模拟火灾前电气设备出现短路制备一次短路熔珠;通过酒精喷灯提供热量,模拟二次短路熔珠的形成环境。利用扫描电子显微镜,观察和分析铝导线熔珠内部孔洞的微观形貌,发现铝导线一、二次短路熔珠内部空洞的微观形貌具有显著区别,前者孔洞所占面积较小,形状比较规则,内部孔洞内壁呈胞状晶、柱状晶,较为光滑;后者孔洞面积较大,孔洞数量明显增多,孔洞内壁杂质多且粗糙,有较多裂纹分布。利用内部孔洞微观形貌的区别可以鉴别铝导线熔珠形成的原因。With the popularity of electrification,the fires caused by the electrical short circuit,overload and an abnormal electrical devices work are also increasing year by year. In this paper,using electric welding machine to simulate the short circuit of the electric equipment before the fire to make short-circuited melting beads;through the alcohol torch providing heat,simulate the formation environment of secondary short-circuited melting beads. Using scanning electron microscope, observe and analyze the microstructure of the hole inside the aluminum wire beads, find that the microstructure of internal holes in short circuit and secondary short circuit of the aluminum wires beads are respectively with corresponding characteristic law. The area of the former holes occupied is smaller and holes have regular shape. The wall of internal hole take on a columnar crystal and it is smooth ; the area of the later holes occupied is larger and the number of holes is increased obviously. The wall of internal hole has impurities and it is rough, there are more crack distribution. The difference of mierostrueture of internal holes can be used to identify the reasons for the formation of aluminum wire beads.

关 键 词：铝导线 熔珠 微观形貌 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：TG408[金属学及工艺—焊接]