高寒草甸牧草与牦牛瘤胃液氨基酸构成及相关性分析  

Composition of Amino Acids in Rumen Fluid of Yak and its Correlation with Forage in Alpine Medaow

作　　者：付晓悦[1] 张霞[1] 王虎成[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2017年第4期48-52,67,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31302001);中央高校基本科研业务费(lzujbky-2016-1)

摘　　要：试验以高寒草甸牧区为研究对象,分析牧草的蛋白质与氨基酸含量及放牧牦牛瘤胃液氨基酸的构成,并对其进行相关性分析,以期为放牧牦牛蛋白质营养科学监控积累数据,进而为高寒草地生产系统的科学管理提供技术支持。随机选择健康放牧泌乳牦牛3头作为供试动物,采集瘤胃液;同时随群模拟采集牧草样品,测定蛋白质及氨基酸含量。结果表明,乌鞘岭牧区8月份:(1)牧草粗蛋白含量为147.54g/kg,可溶性蛋白为49.28g/kg,非蛋白氮为1.37g/kg;(2)牧草和牦牛瘤胃液氨基酸总量(TAA)分别为1186.26mg/kg和53.70mg/L,牧草必需氨基酸占总氨基酸(E/T)比例、必需氨基酸占非必需氨基酸(E/N)比例分别为37.7%和60.6%;(3)牧草中胱氨酸含量与粗蛋白含量、谷氨酸含量与可溶性粗蛋白含量呈显著的负相关(P<0.05),且丝氨酸含量与非蛋白氮含量呈显著的正相关(P<0.05),其他组分间无显著的相关性(P>0.05);(4)牧草粗蛋白、可溶性蛋白含量分别与瘤胃液中苯丙氨酸和天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、胱氨酸和色氨酸呈显著的正相关(P<0.05);(5)牧草与放牧牦牛瘤胃液蛋氨酸间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其他氨基酸间呈极显著正相关性(P<0.01)。综上,夏季牧场可为牦牛提供相对优质牧草,且牧草的蛋白含量及组分可影响牦牛瘤胃液中氨基酸构成,为了全面认知牦牛生产系统内氨基酸的供需状况,应深入研究牦牛自身氨基酸代谢,及被毛、乳汁等产品输出特性。As the alpine meadow pasture being the study subject, the experiment analyzed the protein and ami-no acid （AA） content and the AA composition in rumen fluid, as well as the correlation among them, aiming to provide technical support for the scientific management of alpine grassland system. Three health grazing lactating yaks were taken to collect the rumen fluid; meanwhile the grass samples were collected to determine the protein and amino acid contents. The results showed that： （1） Crude protein content （CP ） ,soluble crude protein （SCP） , and non-protein nitrogen （NPN） was 147. 54 g/kg, 49. 28 g/kg, and 1. 37 g/kg in native grass, respectively. （2） Total amino acids （TAA） in grass and rumen fluid were 1186. 26 mg/kg and 53. 70 mg/L. The ratios of essential AA to TAA （E/T） and EAA to non-essential AA （E/N） were 37. 7% and 60. 6% in native grass, respectively.（3） In native grass, Cystine and CP content were negatively correlated, so were Glutamic acid and SCP （P〈0. 05） , but Serine and NPN content were positively correlated （P〈0. 05） , and there was no significant correlation between the other AA （P〉0. 05）. （4） The concentration of CP and SCP in grass, respectively, were of positive correlation with Phenylalanine and Aspartic acid, and Glycine, Alanine, Lysine, Histidine, Cystine and Trypto-phan in the rumen fluid （P〈0. 05） ; （5） The concentration of AA in grass and yak rumen fluid were of positive correlation （P〈0 . 01; Methionine,P〈0. 05）. In summary, yaks can obtain the necessary nutrients from summer pasture, and the AA composition for grazing yak＇s rumen fluid were affected by protein content in native grass. And therefore, further researches should be aimed at amino acid metabolism, and characteristics of AA output from yak wool,milk and other products to explore the mechanism of grazing yak＇s AA nutrition.

关 键 词：牦牛 可食性牧草 瘤胃液 氨基酸 相关性 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]