广义不确定性原理下广义外势中n维理想费米气体的热力学性质  

Thermodynamic Properties of an Ideal Fermi Gas in Generalized External Potential in n-dimensional Space under Generalized Uncertainty Principle

作　　者：李鹤龄[1,2] 王文伟 任金秀 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学物理与电子电气工程学院 [2]宁夏沙漠信息智能感知重点实验室,银川750021

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第3期77-83,共7页Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61167002);宁夏自然科学基金(NZ14055)

摘　　要：采用Thomas-Fermi的半经典近似,研究了广义不确定性原理下广义外势中n维理想费米气体的热力学性质.解析计算出平均粒子数、内能和热容等热力学量,给出了低温条件下上述热力学量及化学势、费米能和基态能的解析表达式以及考虑广义不确定性原理的修正项;在低温条件下,数值分析了外势与广义不确定性原理对铜电子气体及电子密度更高的电子系统热力学性质的影响,发现:1)考虑广义不确定性原理时,外势对电子系统的影响很大,使广义不确定性原理的修正项增加了6~11个数量级.2)粒子数密度越大、粒子质量越小,广义不确定性原理的影响越大.3)广义不确定性原理导致内能随温度的增加先增大,当温度升到某一数值时(对三维谐振势中的铜电子气体,T/T_(F0)~0.22)时,增值为0,温度再增加内能减少;热容随温度的增加减少;化学势、费米能和基态能随温度的升高而增大.With the semi-classical （Thomas-Fermi） approximation, the thermodynamic properties of a Fermi gas in gen-eralized external potential are studied under the generalized uncertainty principle （GUP）. The total particle number, internal energy and heat capacity of the Fermi system are calculated. Then, analytical expressions of the total particle number, internal energy, heat capacity, chemical potential, Fermi energy, ground state energy and amendments resulted by GUP are obtained at low temperatures. The influences of both the generalized uncertainty principle and external potential on the thermodynamic properties of copper electron gas and other electronic systems with higher electron density are studied numerically at low tem-perature. We find ： 1） External potential has a significant impact on electronic system when the generalized uncertainty principle be considered. The amendments of the generalized uncertainty principle have increased by 6 -11 orders of magnitude. 2） When the number density of particle is bigger and the quality of particle is smaller, the influence of generalized uncertainty principle is bigger. 3） When the generalized uncertainty principle is taken into account, the chemical potential, Fermi energy and the ground state energy increase with the increase of temperature, while the heat capacity decreases. When the temperature was low than 0. 22 times TF0 the internal energy increased with the increase of temperature, but which became to reduce when tem-perature was high than 0. 22 times TF0 for copper electron gas.

关 键 词：广义不确定性原理 费米气体 热力学性质 

分 类 号：O414.2[理学—理论物理]