普通话助词“了”在梅州客家话中的对应形式及相关问题  

The Corresponding Forms of the Mandarin Auxiliary Word “LE” in Meizhou Hakka Dialects and Related Issues

作　　者：黄映琼[1] 温昌衍[1] 

机构地区：[1]嘉应学院文学院,广东梅州514015

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第2期93-100,共8页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"两岸客家话比较研究"(编号:13BYY050);国家社会科学基金重点项目"粤东北地区客家文化研究"(编号:12AZD076)

摘　　要：文章考察了普通话助词"了"在梅州客家话的对应形式。从表面看,梅州客家话中相当于普通话"了1"和"了2"的词有合一型、二分型和混杂型三种类型。文章在详细描写这三种类型的基础上,结合近代汉语及闽西赣南客家话材料,认为客家话早期层次的相当于"了1"和"了2"的是表实现、完成的助词"来"(句中)和"去"(句末)。梅州客家话中"来"保留下来了,其读音在语法化过程中已经弱化,个别地方还增加了同义的来自官话的"了1";"去"在有的地方保留,有的地方则被"来"替代或被"来"与句末的合音词替代,有的地方还增加了来自官话的同义的"了2"。This paper classifies the corresponding forms of the mandarin auxiliary word ＂LE＂ in Meizhou hakka dialects. According to the pronunciation of ＂LE1 （了1 ）＂ and ＂ LE2（了2 ）＂, it can be divided into three types：one- form type, two -form type and mixed type. Based on the detailed description of the three types, combined with the data of hakka dialect in western Fujian and southern Jiangxi,the paper argues that ＂LE1（了1）＂ and ＂LE2（ 了2）＂ of the early hakka dialect are functional words ＂LAI （来 ）＂ and ＂QU （去 ）＂ expressing realization and accomplishment. Then ＂LAI （来）＂ as ＂ LE1 （了 1 ）＂ are retained in the Meizhou Hakka, its pronunciation are weakened in the process of grammaticalization. The individual place also increases synonymous ＂LE1 （了1 ）＂ from Mandarin. ＂QU（去）＂ are retained in some places, but in some places it is replaced by ＂LAI （来）＂ or ＂LAI（来）＂ and the sound -mixing words at the end of sentence, and some places increase synonymous ＂LE2 （了 2）＂ from Mandarin.

关 键 词：助词“了” 梅州客家话 助词“来”“去” 合音 

分 类 号：H176[语言文字—汉语]