自然物法律权利与诉讼地位之争鸣与回应  

On the Argument and Response to the Legal Rights of Nature Objects and Their Standings

作　　者：颜诚毅 颜运秋[2] YAN Cheng-yi YAN Yun-qiu(School of Law,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou,511400,China School of Law Central South University,Changsha,410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院,广东广州511400 [2]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《福建江夏学院学报》2017年第2期46-51,共6页Journal of Fujian Jiangxia University

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(12JZD037);国家哲学社会科学基金重点课题(14AFX023);湖南省大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目

摘　　要：对自然物是否具有法律上的主体地位以及是否享有法律权利的问题,一直存在激烈的争论。通过对国内外为数不多的关于自然物法律权利及其诉讼地位的案件进行检视,胜诉、败诉、不予受理的结果兼而有之。随着环境伦理思想向法学领域的渗透,自然物权利理论引起了人们对于传统人类中心主义的反思。然而,由于该主张自身在理论根据、内在逻辑和现实层面上有一定欠缺,自然物权利理论很难成为有普遍指导意义的科学理论。从制度层面看,自然物成为权利主体存在诸多困境,但应当对其在法律上作出特别规定,从而回应生态环境问题的严峻挑战。为了使自然既能满足于人类的多重价值需求,又确保生态系统内部的和谐,我们有必要设计完备而现实可行的制度,从而合理规范人们的行为。There are heated debates about whether the natural objects possess the standing and whether they enjoy rights.Some cases both at home and abroad concerning the legal rights of natural objects and their standing prevailed,while others lost or not be accepted.With the infi ltration of environment ethics into the field of law,the theory of natural rights has aroused people’s reflection on traditional anthropomorphism.However,due to lack of theoretical basis,internal logic and the realistic level,the theory of natural objects＇rights is difficult to meet the need of general guiding significance. From the perspective of legal operation,there are many dilemmas in which the natural objects become rights subjects,but they should be specially stipulated in law so as to respond to the severe challenges brought by Eco-environmental problems.In order to meet the basic needs of humankind and ensure the inner harmony of the ecosystem,we have to design a series of realistic rules to regulate human behaviors.

关 键 词：生态环境保护 自然物 权利主体 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]