基于GIS的华东某铀矿区水冶厂周边稻米中重金属的污染评价及分布差异  

GIS-based spatial variability and pollution evaluation of heavy metal in surrounding of hydrometallurgy plant area of a uranium mining area,East China

作　　者：向龙[1] 刘平辉[1,2] 李欣[1] XIANG Long LIU Pinghui LI Xin(College of Earth Sciences , East China University of Technology , Nanchang 330013,China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,Ministry of Education,Kast China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学地球科学学院,南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学核资源与环境教育部重点实验室,南昌330013

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2017年第3期312-318,326,共8页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41261081);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(2011ZBAB203009);江西省研究生创新基金资助项目(YC2015-S268)

摘　　要：为查明华东721铀矿区水冶厂周边稻米重金属污染现状及分布差异,测定水冶厂周边44件稻米样品中重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As、U的质量比,采用内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价重金属污染,并运用ArcGIS地统计分析模块绘制U、As质量比空间分布图。结果表明:研究区稻米Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr含量均低于国家粮食标准,As、Cd和U的平均质量比分别为322、53和1.393ng/g,超标率分别为97.73%、4.55%和79.55%;稻米单因子污染指数仅有As、U处于中污染水平,其他重金属未污染;综合污染指数属于轻度污染,轻微生态危害,且主要由U元素引起;简单克里格球面模型和普通克里格指数模型分别是稻米中U元素和As元素质量比的最佳插值模型。To detect pollution status and difference of distribution of heavy metals in rice from the surrounding of hydrometallurgy plant area in 721 uranium mining area in east of China, totally 44 rice samples were collected to assess heavy metal contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, As and U. The pollution degrees of the 7 heavy metals were evaluated in the use of Nemerow index method and potential ecological risk index method. The spatial distribution data and pollution levels of U element were obtained with Geostatistical analysis of ArcGIS 10. 2. The results show that the contents of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr are all lower than the national food standards. The average contents of As, Cd and U are 322, 53 and 1. 393 ng/g, with which the exceeding standard rate of those rice samples are up to 97. 73%, 4. 55% and 79. 55%, respectively. The single factor pollution indexes of As and U belong to moderate pollution level while other heavy metals unpolluted. The comprehensive pollution index of rice belongs to slight level that has slight ecological harm, and the damage is mainly caused by the element of uranium. Simple Kriging spherical model is the best interpolation model of uranium content in rice and the ordinary Kriging exponential model for arsenic content.

关 键 词：铀矿区 稻米 重金属污染 地统计分析 华东 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X56