白色和田玉的分类与仔料之美及“汗毛孔”特点  

Classification of White Nephrite and Characteristic of Pit on Nephrite Pebble

作　　者：王阳明[1] 刘智荣[1] 王久华[2,3] 张晋丽[2] 刘昱坤 

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院,北京东燕郊101601 [2]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [3]沂蒙山地质宝石研究所,山东临沂276006

出　　处：《宝石和宝石学杂志》2016年第A01期58-62,共5页Journal of Gems & Gemmology

摘　　要：每一块和田玉的白度是不同的,每块和田玉上白色色块分布也不尽相同,这就给和田白玉的白度分 类造成极大困难.由于透明度、光泽等物理性质的不同,也无法比对白色钻石的分级体系对和田玉的白色进 行分类,故只能按照现实中人们经常接触到的白色实物并参考传统的名词称呼,对和田白玉的“白”进行经验 化的归类划分,以方便人们掌握.本文针对和田玉市场上所见的白玉,根据大量的观察和比对,对市场上的和 田白玉做了科学的分类.依据其白度分出了正白、乳白、羊脂白、瓷白、棉白、牙白、糙米白、浆白、水白、葱白等 十种白玉.正白的和田玉为颜色近乎高度的白色,但油性较羊脂白略低;乳白和田玉颜色中略带乳晕,微透 明;羊脂白白度较正白略低但油性好;瓷白和田玉具半玻璃半油脂光泽,带微粉或微紫色调;棉白和田玉洁净 但略干,含白色絮状物;牙白和田玉微黄,光泽柔和;糙米白和田玉整体半油半干,泛青晕或带灰色调,微透明; 浆白和田玉白中泛黄,透明度较牙白更低;水白和田玉透明度较高,多为半透明至亚透明;葱白和田玉白中泛 青晕,带不明显的白筋,油性低.本文从斑斓的皮色美,柔和的润泽度以及仔料白玉的气韵三个方面论述了仔 料白玉的美.同时本文将仔料和田玉表皮上的“汗毛孔”特征归为裂隙纹性的汗毛孔,撞击痕性的汗毛孔,较 粗大晶体的折断痕、解理痕性的汗毛孔,细微晶族破裂痕性的汗毛孔,絮状物脱落后的遗留斑坑性的汗毛孔和 包体遗留性的汗毛孔这六类汗毛孔.这六类汗毛孔均分布不均,深浅不一,大小不同,边部形状不规则,以此 与“人工汗毛孔”相区分,依此可判别和田玉仔料的真假皮及鉴别仔料的真假.The whiteness of white nephrite is different, as well as the distribution of colour, which is difficult to classify whiteness. Since the transparency and luster as well as other physical properties are different, meanwhile it＇s infeasible to gain experience from white dia-mond classification system. For the convenience of mastery, the author had an empirical classification of the whiteness of white nephrite. This paper made a scientific division ofwhite nephrite seen in the market by vast observation and comparison. The whiteness was divided into ten categories, which were pure white, milky white, suet white, porcelain white, cotton white, ivory white, brown rice white, pulp white, water-white, scallion white. The whiteness of pure white nephrite reacheds a high level,but its oiliness is not as good as suet white nephrite. The colour of milky white nephrite has mild areola and slightly transparent. The whiteness of suet white is lower than pure white, but has a better oiliness. Porcelain white nephrite has half vitreous luster and half greasy luster with slightly pink hue or purple hue. Cotton white nephrite is clean but slightly waterless, with white floccule. I-vory white nephrite is slightly yellowish and has soft luster. Nephrite of brown rice white is half oily and half waterless as a whole and semitransparent,showing greenish areola and grayish hue. The colour of pulp white nephrite is slightly yellowish, with lower transparen-cy. The transparency of water-white nephrite is higher compared to the others, which is mostly semitransparent to sub-transparent. Nephrite in scallion white has greenish areola and inconspicuous white bars, as well as lower oiliness. The author also discussed the beauty of nephrite pebble among white nephrite from gorgeous skin colour, gentle moisture level and artistic conception. In addition, this paper also divided pits on the surface of nephrite pebble into fissure lines, concussion marks, cleavage lines or fracture lines with coarse grain, rupture lines with tiny grain, remai

关 键 词：和田白玉 分类 仔料 “汗毛孔” 

分 类 号：TS93[轻工技术与工程]