基于校车侧翻安全性的热冲压立柱结构优化设计  

Optimization design of hot-stamping beam structure considering rollover crash safety of school bus

作　　者：胡侃[1] 于野[2] 盈亮[2] 胡平[2] 侯文彬[2] HU Kan YU Ye YING Liang HU Ping HOU Wen-bin(School of Mechanical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipments Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连理工大学工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2017年第3期884-890,共7页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(11272075);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAG05B01);中国博士后科学基金项目(2014M561223)

摘　　要：基于新型混合动力校车安全性和轻量化的需求,根据侧围立柱结构主要承受弯曲冲击载荷的特点,同时结合热冲压高强钢的性能优势,提出了一种热冲压立柱结构。对悬臂梁中部承受的冲击载荷进行有限元计算分析,结果表明:在质量不变的情况下,热冲压立柱结构的最大变形量降低了74.9%,承载能力提高了223.6%,具有突出的抗碰撞性能和轻量化潜力。通过整车侧翻有限元计算,并结合全尺寸实车侧翻试验验证了有限元计算结果的准确性。基于径向基函数建立了热冲压立柱截面尺寸与侧翻碰撞变形量、加速度以及结构质量的代理模型,采用遗传算法求解校车结构侧翻碰撞安全性和轻量化的多目标优化问题,结果显示:变形量平均降低了38.2%,生存空间加速度降低了23.4%,同时结构质量降低了63.9%,进一步表明热冲压立柱结构可以同时大幅度提高侧翻安全性和轻量化性能。A novel hot-stamping beam with ultra-high strength is introduced to improve both rollover safety and lightweight performance, which is based on the mechanical characteristics of the side beams and the excellent properties of hot-stamping material. Finite Element Method （FEM） analysis is used to calculate single cantilever beam with impact load on the middle position. Results show that the maximum deformation of the hot-stamping beam is about 74. 9% lower the load bearing capacity is about 223. 6% higher than that with equal-mass. This demonstrates that this novel beam has extremely crashworthy performance and potency of lightweight. The rollover crash simulation and test of the original school bus are conducted, which show that the simulation result is in goodagreement with the test result, suggesting that the FEM analysis is accurate. The deformation, acceleration and structure weight surrogate are established based on Radial Basis Function （RBF） method. Then, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms are employed to obtain the optimal solution set. The results show that the deformation is decreased by 38. 2%, the acceleration of survive room is decreased by 23. 4% and the structure weight is reduced by 63. 9% . It is proved that the hot-stamping steel beam performs far better in both rollover safety and lightweight performance compared to the original one.

关 键 词：材料分成与加工工艺 车辆工程 热冲压 校车 侧翻安全 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TG386[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]