河南三门峡虢国墓出土西周——春秋时期费昂斯珠的分析研究  

The analysis of faience beads from Marquis Guo State Cemetery in Sanmen Gorge of Henan Province

作　　者：王颖竹[1] 陈坤龙[1] 马清林 马泓蛟[1] 张治国 姜涛 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [2]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [3]国家文物局水下文化遗产保护中心,北京100085 [4]河南省文物考古研究院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2017年第2期45-54,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：河南三门峡虢国墓是西周晚期至春秋初期的大型邦国墓地,其中M2009的六璜组玉佩上使用了费昂斯珠,作为人工制品的费昂斯珠,其材料组成和工艺特点显示了古代科技水平,利用科学分析揭示其科学价值很有意义。本研究运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDX)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)分析了四件三门峡虢国墓M2009出土的费昂斯珠的微观结构和成分。研究发现,四件费昂斯珠采用直接施釉法,釉层使用了铜离子着色,可能使用了含氯和铜的矿物。费昂斯珠的内外表层还发现了羟基磷灰石和朱砂,来自于墓主遗骸和墓葬环境。The chemical composition and microstructures of four faience beads from the Marquis Guo state Cemetery and dated to the Western Zhou to Spring and Autumn periods, were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive Xray （SEMEDX） and a Raman microspectroscope. Little flux in the matrix of the interaction layer of the beads due to aging was found. Analysis of the microstructures indicated that the main colorant element used in the glaze is copper. In addition, the hydroxyapatite on the outer layer of the beads was probably derived from the dead body （bones）, and the cinnabar came from the basement of the tomb.

关 键 词：费昂斯珠 风化腐蚀 施釉工艺 着色剂 

分 类 号：K876.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]