微咸水-淡水交替灌溉对玉米生长指标及产量的影响  

Impact of Alternating Irrigation Using Saline and Fresh Water on Maize Growth and Its Yield

作　　者：郑君玉[1] 朱成立[1,2] 翟亚明[1,2] ZHENG Junyu ZHU Chengli ZHAI Yaming(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-drainage and Agricultural Soil-water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, Nanj ing 210098, China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098 [2]南方地区高效灌排与农业水土环境教育部重点实验室,南京210098

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2017年第4期37-41,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51409086);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20130838)

摘　　要：以隆平206玉米品种为载体进行了温室避雨盆栽试验,试验设计"咸-淡-淡"、"淡-咸-淡"和"淡-淡-咸"3种交替灌溉模式,即分别在壮苗期、拔节期、抽雄—乳熟期3个阶段灌溉微咸水,微咸水矿化度设计为1、3和5 g/L,监测生长生理和产量指标。结果表明,任一时期灌溉矿化度1 g/L微咸水对玉米株高、叶面积、SPAD和产量影响不明显;随微咸水矿化度的增加,玉米受抑制作用增强;微咸水灌溉后壮苗期玉米株高、叶面积、SPAD受影响显著,由于玉米前期补偿生长能力强,随生长推进,壮苗期微咸水灌溉处理与CK间差异逐渐减小,玉米株高、叶面积、SPAD受抑制最显著的为拔节期微咸水灌溉处理,其次是壮苗期,抽雄—乳熟期最小;对玉米产量影响最大的是抽雄—乳熟期微咸水灌溉处理,其次是拔节期,壮苗期影响最小,故生殖生长阶段不宜采用微咸水灌溉;滨海农区可根据淡水、微咸水资源的时空分布特征设计交替灌溉制度,利用淡水灌溉的补偿效应确保玉米产量。This paper investigated the impact of alternating fresh and saline water in irrigation on maize growth and its yield. We took Long Ping NO.206 maize as the model and grew it in a greenhouse. Three alternations were examined： ①Saline water-fresh water-fresh water, ②fresh water-saline water-fresh water, and ③ fresh water-fresh water-saline water. That is, the plants were irrigated with saline water at their seedling stage, jointing stage and the tasseling to milk stage respectively. The salinity of the saline water was 1, 3, 5 g/L. The growth and physiological traits of the plants were measured during their growth period. The results showed that irrigating by saline water with salinity of 1 g/L did not have noticeable impact on maize growth. An increase in salinity,however, could significantly affect the growth and physiological traits of the maize at seedling stage. As the plants grew, difference between the＂saline water-fresh water-fresh water＂alternation and the CK（fresh water irrigation only） decreased due to the strong compensation of the maize in its early growth stage. The most severe suppression to maize was in the＂fresh water-saline water-fresh water＂alternation, followed by saline-water irrigation at the seedling stage and the tasseling milk stage. Irrigating with saline water in the tasseling stage had the most severe influence on maize yield, followed by at the jointing and the seedling stages, suggesting that saline-water irrigation at reproductive stage should be avoided. In summary, alternating saline and fresh waters in irrigation can sustain maize yield in coastal farmlands if managed correctly both temporally and spatially.

关 键 词：微咸水 交替灌溉 玉米 盆栽试验 沿海农区 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]