北极海洋沉积物低温硝化细菌的筛选、多样性与生长特性  

Screening,biodiversity,and growth characteristics of cold-adapted nitrobacteria isolated from Arctic Ocean sediments

作　　者：李晓亮[1,2] 张良[2] 张培玉[1] 林学政[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛266071 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,青岛266061

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2017年第2期294-300,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：南北极环境综合考察与评估专项(CHINARE2015-03-05;CHI NAR E2015-04-03);国家海洋局海洋生物活性物质与现代分析技术重点实验室开放基金(MBSMAT-2015-01);海洋经济创新发展区域示范专项(12PYY001SF08-HYYS-1)资助~~

摘　　要：寒冷地区冬季低温污水的生物处理长期存在着处理效果差、难以达标排放等难题;而极地特殊的环境与气候造就了独特的极地微生物生态系统,是微生物新种质的资源宝库.根据菌落形态特征,利用4种硝化细菌筛选培养基从12个站位的北极海洋沉积物中分离筛选,获得16S r RNA基因有效序列的低温硝化细菌达81株;基于16S r RNA基因的相似性分析与系统发育分析表明,分离到的菌株分属于细菌域的4个门、4个纲、8个目、16个科、22个属、30个种,其中γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)占大多数;有1株菌株与模式菌株的16S r RNA基因序列相似性小于97%,为潜在的新种.大多数菌株的温度和耐Na Cl浓度的生长范围分别为0-30℃和0-90‰,具有产蛋白酶、脲酶和β-半乳糖苷酶等胞外水解酶和利用葡萄糖、甘露醇和麦芽糖等多种碳源生长的能力.本研究结果可为北方地区寒冷季节低温生活污水的生物处理提供新的菌种资源.In cold areas, wastewater biotreatment techniques have some shortcomings such as low efficiency and difficulties in achieving emission standards because of the long cold winter and the low temperature of wastewater. The special environment and climate in polar regions has created a unique microbial ecosystem and species resources. On the basis of morphological characters, a total of 81 cold-adapted nitrobacteria were isolated from 12 Arctic Ocean sediments with four kinds of screening media. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these isolates belonged to 4 phyla, 4 classes, 8 orders, 16 families, 22 genera, and 30 species. One isolate with an 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity less than 97% with the closest type strain might be a novel species. The growth temperature and NaCl tolerance range of most of the representative strains was 0–30 ℃ and 0–90‰, respectively. These isolates could produce many extracellular enzymes such as protease, urease, and β-galactosidase, and they could grow by utilizing many kinds of carbon sources, including glucose, mannitol, and maltose. This study can offer new microbial resources for improving sewage treatment at low temperature.

关 键 词：北极海洋沉积物 低温 硝化细菌 系统发育分析 污水处理 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]