坪用白三叶(Trifolium repens)对高浓度臭氧的生理生态响应  

Ecophysiological responses of turf-type white clover(Trifolium repens) to elevated O_3 concentration

作　　者：平琴 徐胜 李静[4] 何兴元 陈玮[1] 黄彦青[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室,沈阳110016 [4]北京绿京华园林工程有限公司,北京102209

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第5期1234-1242,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41675153,31270518,31170573);中科院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-302-01);东北地区植物全覆盖保护计划(KFJ-1WNO1-17)资助

摘　　要：随着城市化和工业化的发展,近地面大气O_3浓度不断升高,威胁着人类健康和植物生长,已引起人们的广泛关注。本实验以我国北方常见草坪植物白三叶(Trifolium repens)为研究对象,通过开顶箱(OTCs)模拟实验,研究了不同O_3浓度(CK,约40nmol·mol^(-1)及80和160 nmol·mol^(-1))下白三叶叶片生理生态指标的变化规律。结果表明:(1)短期(7 d)内O_3浓度的增加使白三叶叶片出现明显可见伤害症状,叶片色素含量显著降低,超氧阴离子(O_2^(-·))产生速率、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,抗氧化酶活性显著增强(P<0.05)。(2)O_3浓度升高抑制了白三叶的生长,特别是其根系的生长。80和160 nmol·mol^(-1)O_3熏蒸(14 d)使白三叶总生物量分别降低45.80%和53.12%,地下部分生物量降低61.86%和67.36%。(3)80 nmol·mol^(-1)的O_3促进了白三叶总酚的合成,提高其抗氧化能力,但并未能减缓其生物量的下降。而160 nmol·mol^(-1)的O_3显著抑制了白三叶抗氧化水平的提高,不仅导致其生物量极显著下降,也对其造成致命的伤害。白三叶对O_3较为敏感,夏季城市近地O_3浓度的升高可能会对白三叶的生长及其坪用价值造成不利的影响。With the development of urbanization and industrialization, the rising concentration of troposphere ozone threatens human health and plant growth, which arouses wide public concern. An experiment was conducted to examine the eco-physiological responses of white clovers （Trifolium repens）, which were exposed to different doses of ozone （ambient air, 80 and 160 nmol·mol-1） in open-top chambers （OTCs）. The results showed that （1） O3 induced typical visible symptoms on white clover’s leaves, and increased the producing rate of O2-·, H2O2 content, MDA content in the leaves, improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, while decreased the content of photosynthetic pigments. （2） Elevated O3 inhibited white clover’s growth, especially in root. Compared with the control, 80 and 160 nmol·mol-1 O3 decreased white clover’s total biomass by 45.80% and 53.12%, and the root dry mass by 61.86% and 67.36%, respectively. （3） 80 nmol·mol-1 O3 promoted the synthesis of total phenols and improved the antioxidant level, but it couldn’t ameliorate the decrease of biomass. However, 160 nmol·mol-1 O3 decreased the antioxidant capacity of white clover. Meanwhile, it not only resulted in a great loss of total biomass but also caused fatal or serious injuries for white clover. White clovers were sensitive to O3, so the elevated O3 may have bad effect on white clover’s growth and turf grass quality.

关 键 词：臭氧 白三叶 叶绿素 抗氧化酶 生物量 总酚 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]