从夏、夷、商三族关系看夏文化  

The Reasearch on Xia Culture from the relationship among Xia and Yi and Shang groups

作　　者：魏继印[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学考古文博系

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2017年第3期36-41,共6页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中原和江汉文明的碰撞;交流与融合研究"(12BKG020);国家社会科学基金重大项目"大遗址与河洛三代都城文明研究"(13&ZD100)子课题五;中国博士后科学基金第57批面上资助和第八批特别资助阶段性成果

摘　　要：夏族、商族和东夷族是夏商时期关系最为密切的三大族团。目前,商代后期文化因甲骨文的发现和殷墟的发掘而大白于天下,东夷文化也因特殊的地理位置而被认定,两者成为探索夏文化的两个重要基点。根据商代后期殷墟文化的特征可以认定二里冈文化和下七垣文化是比殷墟文化更早的商系文化。根据特殊的地理位置,也可以确定岳石文化为夏商时期的东夷文化。二里头文化分布于中原地区的南部,它与北部的下七垣文化和东部的岳石文化相互毗邻,呈鼎足之势,存在着密切的文化交流与联系。在夏代,商族有些首领曾在夏朝为官,这种"夏为君、商为臣"的历史与二里头文化的社会地位高于下七垣文化的情况相符;东夷族对夏朝时战时和的关系,与二里头文化和岳石文化你中有我、我中有你的情况也非常符合。夏末,商汤联合东夷伐夏,与下七垣文化和岳石文化融合共生的现象相合。通过战争,商族最终推翻了夏朝的统治而成为统治者,也与二里冈文化取代二里头文化,商系文化的社会地位在二里冈文化时期根本性转变的情况相符。夏、夷、商三族的关系表明二里头文化是夏文化。Xia Group, Shang Group and Dongyi Group were three big groups closed with each other in Xia and Shang Dynasty. At present, the late Shang Dynasty Culture was very clear due to the found of Oracle-bone Script and the excavation of Yinxu Site; and Dongyi Culture was identified because of its special location. They became the two important starting points to explore the Xia Culture. Erligang and Xiaqiyuan Culture were identified as the Shang Culture, and Yueshi Culture was recognized as the Dongyi Culture in Xia and Shang Dynasty. Erlitou Culture distribute in the southern of Central Plain area. It is adjacent to Xiaqiyuan Culture and Yueshi Culture each other, and there are close culture contact and exchange among them. In Xia Dynasty, several leaders of Shang Group worked for Xia Dynasty as official. This history that the leader of Xia Group was king and the leader of Shang Group was minister conform with the situation that the social status of Erlitou Culture higher than Xiaqiyuan Culture＇s, and the relationship between Dongyi Group and Xia Group conform with the relationship between Erlitou Culture and Dongyi Culture. In last of Xia Dynasty, the situation that Tang alliancing with Dongyi Group attacked Xia Dynasty conform with the relationship between Xiaqiyuan Culture and Yueshi Culture. The situation that Shang Group became the ruler by overturning the government of Xia Dynasty finally conform with the situation that Erligang Culture replaced Erlitou Culture and the social status of Shang Group has a fundamental shift in the period of Erligang Culture. So the relationship among Xia and Yi and Shang indicate that Erlitou Culture is Xia Culture.

关 键 词：夏族 商族 东夷族 二里头文化 夏文化 

分 类 号：K221[历史地理—历史学]