基于正交试验方法的四片式虾拖网结构参数优化  

Optimization of the structural parameters for four-panel shrimp trawl nets based on orthogonal experimental design

作　　者：周爱忠[1] 张勋[1] 张禹[1] 王鲁民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2017年第3期640-647,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD13B04)

摘　　要：针对规格为40.3 m×(20.8~16.2)m的我国过洋性虾拖渔业四片式虾拖网,基于L_9(3~4)正交表,设计了网身长度(L_b)、下网袖长度(L_w)、侧网宽度(W_S)3种因素各3个水平的正交试验,并利用方差分析检测3种试验因素对网具阻力、能耗系数、L/R(袖端间距与阻力之比)系数影响的显著性,旨在对此种网具的网身长度与网口周长之比(L_b/C)、下网袖长度与网口周长之比(L_w/C)、侧网宽度与上网片宽度之比(W_S/W_U)这3种结构参数进行优化。结果表明,对网具阻力的影响因素由主到次依次是下网袖长度、网身长度、侧网宽度。对能耗系数的影响因素在水平扩张L/S(袖端间距/下纲长度)=0.45时由主到次依次是侧网宽度、网身长度、下网袖长度;但在水平扩张L(袖端间距)=10 m时,下网袖长度为主影响因素。对L/R系数的主影响因素为下网袖长度。此类型网具的L_b/C应比小网目底层拖网略小,但在较大的范围内(0.26~0.38)变化亦不会对网具水动力性能有显著影响。L_w/C=0.31为试验的最佳水平,下网袖长度为3种因素中对网具性能影响最显著的因素。W_S/W_U=0.19为试验的最佳水平,侧网宽度应优先满足虾拖网作业对网口高度的要求,在此基础上,尽量缩小W_S/W_U值,不必拘泥于W_S/W_U结构参数值。This study concerns the Chinese distant-water shrimp-trawl fishery effort which uses four-panel trawl nets with the specification 40.3 m × （20.8-16.2） m. Based on the L9（34） orthogonal array, the orthogonal experiment of three factors [body length （Lb）, lower wing lengh （Lw） and meshes of side pannel] in each level was designed to optimization three structural parameters of Lb/C, Lw/C and Ws/Wu, by analyzing the effect of three experimental factors changing on the level of test resistance of the net, the coefficient of energy consumption, and the coefficient of L/R. The results showed that the resistance of the net was＇primarily affected by Lw, Lb, and Ws in a descending sequence. The coefficient of energy consumption was primarily affected by Ws, Lb, Lw in a descending sequence when L/S=0.45; but when L=10 m, Lw was the main influencing factor and the main influencing factor of the coefficient of L/R. The Lb/C of this type of net should be slightly smaller than used in small-mesh bottom trawls, but in a larger range （0.26-0.38） the change did not show a significant impact on the hydrodynamic performance of the nets. The best level of the experiment was when Lw/C=0.31, and Lw was the most significant factor among the three factors. And the best level of the experiment was when Ws/Wv=0. 19, and Ws only needed to meet the height of the net mouth when trawling for shrimp, and given a priority to expand the horizontal distance of the net, was not concerned with the structural parameter of Ws/Wu.

关 键 词：正交试验方法 四片式虾拖网 结构参数 优化 

分 类 号：S972[农业科学—捕捞与储运]