基于RULA方法的拖拉机驾驶室人机优化研究  

Ergonomics optimization research of tractor cab based on RULA

作　　者：杨飞[1] 光震宇 康敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京市210031

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2017年第4期88-93,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划资助项目(BE2014134);江苏省产学研联合创新资金资助项目(BY-2014128-04);江苏省专业学位研究生创新工程项目(SJLX16_0231)

摘　　要：人机工程学设计是拖拉机驾驶室设计中非常重要的部分。本文以RULA方法(上肢快速评估法)为核心对各类部件的进行分类,并且对其操纵舒适性进行评价与分级,依据这种评估方法的思想,分析不同操纵方式下人体上肢关节的舒适活动范围,同时以H点为参考建立人体上肢简化模型;依据建立的人体上肢简化模型与关节活动范围,对操纵部件的最优分布情况进行求解,得出方向盘的最佳分布范围,以及侧控台的最佳设计高度为高出H点42~98mm以及266~434mm这两个高度范围之内,此时最佳分布范围为环绕驾驶员753cm^2与899cm^2的类扇形区域。最后依据所得结论对K1804型号拖拉机驾驶室进行优化设计,采用Creo中的Manikin模块对设计结果进行验证,得出RULA值均小于2,验证研究结论有效。该研究方法为拖拉机驾驶室人机工程学设计提供一定的参考。Ergonomics design is a very important part in tractor cab design. Firstly, classifying the components of tractor cab with RULA （Rapid Assessment of Upper Limb）, and evaluating and grading their manipulation comfort. Secondly, according to this evaluation method, the comfort range of upper limb joints under different operation modes were analyzed, and simplifying the upper limb model with the reference of H point. Thirdly, based on the simplified model and comfort range, the optimal distribution of control components was solved, and the optimum range of steering wheel size were obtained. The best design height of side control platform is 42-98mm and 266-434mm higher than H point, and the best distribution range are 753cm^2 and 899cm^2 sector areas around the driver at this time. Finally, optimizing the cab of K1804 tractor according to the analyzing results above, and verified the design by using Manikin module in Creo. The RULA value is less than 2, which verified to be valid. This research method provides reference for the tractor cab ergonomics design.

关 键 词：上肢快速评估法 拖拉机 人机工程学 优化设计 驾驶室 Creo MANIKIN 

分 类 号：U463.81[机械工程—车辆工程]