“热”执行对破坏性行为障碍4岁幼儿抑制控制与工作记忆的影响  

The Effect of“ Hot”Executive Function on the Inhibition and Working Memory of Disruptive Behavior Disorder (DBD) in Preschool Children Aged Four

作　　者：陈昱翀 何珍[1] 文萍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学教育学部,桂林541004 [2]广西幼儿师范高等专科学校,南宁530022

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2017年第4期91-96,共6页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：广西师范大学博士科学研究启动基金项目"儿童执行功能研究"系列论文之一

摘　　要：研究探讨了"热"执行对破坏性行为障碍(DBD)4岁幼儿抑制控制和工作记忆的影响。采用白天-黑夜测验、字形Stroop测验、熊猫-狮子测验、奖励延迟测验、数点数测验和找贴画测验,以37例DBD幼儿和35例普通对照4岁幼儿为研究对象。结果发现:1.DBD幼儿完成白天-黑夜测验、字形Stroop测验和数点数冷广度测验的表现与普通幼儿无差异,纯认知的冷执行功能不存在异常;2.DBD幼儿在完成熊猫-狮子任务和数点数热广度任务的得分和工作记忆广度明显不如普通幼儿,情感加工存在障碍;3.DBD幼儿完成奖励延迟任务时的等待时间较普通幼儿明显偏低,完成找贴画测验时出现了更多的错误,动机加工存在缺陷。研究表明,DBD的显著特征是情感卷入和动机加工的落后,这种特有的热执行缺陷导致DBD的抑制控制与工作记忆加工的困难,热执行功能障碍是DBD幼儿的核心缺损。This study aims to probe into the effect of the ＂hot＂ executive function on the inhibition and work-ing memory of disruptive behavior disorder （DBD） in preschool children aged 4, by using the day-night stroop task, the word-shape stroop task, the panda-lion task, the reward delay task, the counting point task and the sticker-finding task to test 37 preschool children with DBD and 35 typically developing preschool children. The results show the following： （ 1 ） There was no difference between the two groups in the day-night task, the word- shape stroop task and the ＂cool＂ counting point task, with no abnormal ＂cool＂ executive function shown; （2） the preschool children with DBD scored significantly lower in the panda-lion task, the ＂hot＂ counting point task, and the working memory span, showing disorders in emotion processing; and （3） the preschool children with DBD showed shorter waiting time in the reward delay task, and made more errors in the sticker-finding task, indicating deficits in their emotion processing. This indicates that preschool children with DBD are characterized by emotional involvement and backward motivation processing, with their peculiar deficits in the ＂hot＂ executive function resulting in difficulty in their inhibition and working memory processing, and that the ＂hot＂ executive function disorder is their core deficit.

关 键 词：破坏性行为障碍幼儿 “热”执行 抑制控制 工作记忆 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]