碳化生物质在AD/DSSCs中的应用  

Application of Pyrolytic Carbon Derived from Carbonized-Biomass in AD/DSSCs

作　　者：方雯[1] 云斯宁[1] 黄欣磊 后玉芝 朱江[1] 李雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学材料与矿资学院功能材料研究所,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2017年第4期295-300,共6页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51672208);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD47B02);陕西省科技研发项目科技研发项目(2010K01-120;2015JM5183);陕西省教育厅(2013JK0927)

摘　　要：沼气和太阳能作为一种清洁的可再生能源已引起人们广泛的关注。以麦秆、树叶和玉米芯为原料,将其进行微波热解碳化,并将碳化产物分别作为促进剂和对电极催化剂应用于厌氧发酵(Anaerobic Digestion,AD)和染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,DSSCs)中,研究其对沼气厌氧发酵系统的产气量、化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)去除率、p H和DSSCs光伏性能的影响,探究其在太阳能和生物质能领域的应用潜能。实验结果表明:碳化生物质作为厌氧发酵促进剂可明显提高沼气产量(添加碳材料549 m L/g VS vs.对照组409 m L/g VS),提高COD去除率(添加碳材料68.00%vs.对照组29.55%),且对厌氧发酵系统p H没有显著影响;碳化生物质作为对电极催化剂,其DSSCs的光电转换效率与同等实验条件下传统贵金属Pt电极相近(3.52%vs.4.64%),可作为替代贵金属Pt的低成本材料用于染料敏化太阳能电池中。As a renewable and clean energy, biogas and solar energy have attracted wide attention. In this paper, straw, leaves and corncob were carbonized by microwave pyrolytic carbonization technique, then, the carbonized-biomass were used as aceelerant in anaerobic digestion （AD） and as counter electrode （CE） catalyst in dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs）. The influence of the as-prepared carbon materials as accelerants on biogas production, chemical oxygen demand （COD） re- moving rate, pH value of the AD system and on the photovohaic performance of DSSCs as CE catalysts was investigated, and further understanding the potential application of carbonized-biomass in the field of solar energy and biomass energy was dis- cussed. Results indicate that, adding of carbonized-biomass as accelerant into anaerobic digestion system can obviously in- crease the biogas production （adding carbon materials 649 mL/g VS vs. control check 409 mL/g VS）, improve the COD re- moving rate （adding carbon materials 68.00 % vs. control check 29. 55 % ）, but has no effect on the pH value of the biogas AD system. The photoelectric conversion efficiency （PCE） of DSSCs using the carbonized-biomass is close to the traditional Pt electrode under the same condition （3.52% vs. 4. 64% ）. The as-prepared carbon materials can be used as low-cost ma- terials instead of Pt in DSSCs.

关 键 词：生物质碳化 厌氧发酵 染料敏化太阳能电池 对电极 促进剂 

分 类 号：TQ920[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]