不同树冠改造方法对广西低产低效茶园的影响  

Effect of Different Crown Reconstruction Methods on Low-yield and Low-efficiency Tea Plantation

作　　者：谭少波[1,2] 王小云 刘诗诗 梁甜 

机构地区：[1]广西大学,广西南宁530004 [2]广西壮族自治区桂林茶叶科学研究所,广西桂林541004 [3]田阳县油靖镇农业技术推广站,广西百色533606

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第4期876-880,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目"桂林特色茶树资源调查与评价"(桂科AB16380055);广西农业重点科技计划项目"广西低质茶园提质增效技术研究与示范"(201517);桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划"桂林历史名茶的挖掘与开发利用研究"(20140129);广西茶特色作物试验站昭平茶叶试验站项目

摘　　要：【目的】针对广西茶园现状和品种特点,对广西低产低效茶园树冠改造方法进行研究,探索低产低效茶园树冠改造技术,为广西低产低效茶园树冠改造提供参考依据。【方法】设轻修剪(CK)、深修剪、重修剪和台刈等处理,对低产低效茶园树冠进行改造,比较不同改造处理对茶叶感官品质、主要生化成分和产量的影响。【结果】4种树冠改造方法中,台刈方法的鲜叶产量最高,达1298.6 kg,其次是重修剪方法为1234.9 kg,两者间差异不显著,且均显著高于对照;重修剪方法的春季绿茶、红茶品质最好,综合得分最高分值达90分以上;改造后茶园达丰产期时,重修剪方法的累计产量最高。【结论】采用重修剪方法对广西低产低效茶园进行树冠改造,其累计产量最高,可以增加茶叶鲜叶中游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物含量,制成的产品质量较好,春季绿茶香气高爽、滋味醇厚,红茶甜香浓郁、浓厚爽口,且有利于恢复树势,改造后达到丰产期所需的时间较短。[ Objective ] The present paper aims to study the crown pruning methods of Guangxi low-yield and low-efficiency tea garden according to their present planting situation and varieties, and provide a tree crown reconstruction reference for them in the future. [ Method ] Four different tree crown reconstruction methods of light pruning, deep pruning, heavy pruning and collar pruning were conducted and their influences on quality, main biochemical components and yield of tea were analyzed and compared in present work. [ Result ] Among four methods, the fresh leaf yield of collar pruning method was the highest, which was 1298.6 kg, followed by 1234.9 kg of heavy pruning method, no significant difference of yield was found between those two methods, and yield of both methods were above that of CK ; the quality of spring green tea and black tea of heavy pruning was the best with a comprehensive score above 90, and the cmnulative yield of heaving pruning was the highest when reaching the high-yield period after reconstruction[ Conclusion] The heavy pruning method capable of fully restoring the growth of tea trees and reaching the high-yield period with a highest cumulative yield in a short time was able to increase free amino acid, theine, water extract in fresh leaves, giving spring green tea and black tea a mellow taste and wonderful aroma.

关 键 词：低产低效 树冠改造 重修剪 台刈 茶叶品质 产量 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]