大学教育中的博雅与实用——基于纽曼的《大学的理念》的反思  

On the Liberal and Pragmatic Characteristics in University Education——A Reflection on Newman's Idea of University

作　　者：孟翔珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学外语学院,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2017年第2期47-51,共5页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology

基　　金：河南省教育厅人文社科资助计划项目"纽曼博雅教育理念观照下的英语教学研究"(2017-ZZJH-096);河南省社科联调研课题"纽曼人文教育思想与英语教学研究"(SKL-2016-1320)

摘　　要：基于现代性的工具理性已渗入当今社会的各个领域,其突出表现就是重技术轻人文,以量化指标衡量一切,高等教育领域也概莫能外。大学理念问题一直是高等教育关注的热点,近年来偏废博雅教育即人文教育,而过度强调实用教育的现象引发了诸多社会问题和广泛争议,探讨19世纪英国教育家J.H.纽曼的教育思想就尤显必要。纽曼认为大学是教授全面知识的地方,博雅知识活动是自成目的的活动,是与实用知识活动相对的活动。高等教育的最高境界应当是追求人文精神,实现生命的意义。博雅教育应该优先于实用教育,以培养合格的公民为宗旨。法兰克福学派的"工具理性"批判理论为反思我国高等教育重实用轻人文的问题提供了新的视角。高等教育应该重视人文精神的培养,从工具理性回归交往理性,还原大学精神的本来面目。Instrumental reason has long been existing in being ,which characterizes in attaching more importance almost every field in the society since modernity came into to technology than humanities and evaluating almost everything quantitatively including higher education. The idea of a university has long been a focus of heated discussion. Many social problems and academic debates have been introduced because of overstressing the value of pragmatic education and neglecting liberal education. So it is necessary to focus again on the idea of university by J. H. Newman,an educator of U. K. in 19 century. In his opinion, A university is such a place where universal knowledge should be taught,hberal activity is self - achieved one which is opposite to the perspective of useful knowledge. It indicates that The finest prospect of higher education should be the pursuit of humanities, and fulfilling the meaning of life. Liberal education should be in preference to pragmatic education to train qualified citizens for the purpose. The critical theory of instrumental reason of the school of Frankfort offers a new perspective to reflect the problem of attaching more importance to pragmatic higher education than humane higher education in China. And the idea of education should return to communicative reason from instrumental reason, which is the real goal of the idea of a university.

关 键 词：博雅教育 约翰·纽曼 工具理性 高等教育 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]