不同氮水平对旱地覆膜马铃薯‘青薯9号’干物质积累分配及产量的影响  

Effect of nitrogen levels on dry matter accumulation and distribution and yield of ‘Qingshu 9' covered with film on dry land

作　　者：何昌福[1] 张健[1] 邱慧珍[1] 张春红[1] 张鹤[1] 张文明[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2017年第2期19-26,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103004);国家自然科学基金项目(31360500);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10-P18);甘肃省科技重大专项(1102NKDA025)

摘　　要：【目的】为了明确马铃薯干物质积累、分配以及产量与施氮水平之间的关系,确定适宜的氮肥施用量.【方法】通过大田定位试验,设置了6个不同施氮水平,研究其对马铃薯‘青薯9号’干物质积累、分配及产量的影响.【结果】施氮水平影响马铃薯的产量,马铃薯产量随着施氮量先增后减,定位第3年产量最高的处理为T2(75kg/hm^2),施氮量过高时减产.施氮水平影响马铃薯的生育进程及干物质累积规律,马铃薯干质量平衡期随着施氮量的增加明显推迟,"剪刀差"随着施氮量的增加呈现先增后减的单峰变化趋势.马铃薯全株和块茎的干物质的积累过程均表现出"S"型增长曲线特征,施氮水平主要影响马铃薯干物质快速积累期的平均速率vmean和快速积累期持续时间Δt,Δt和vmean均随施氮量的增加先增后减,马铃薯植株及块茎Δt×v_(mean)值大小表现为T_2>T_3>T_4>T_5>T_6.马铃薯根茎叶中干物质分配比例随施氮量增加而增加.过量施氮后马铃薯生育期推迟,地上部旺长,库源关系不协调导致干物质累积量特别是块茎干物质累积及分配比例下降是过量施氮后马铃薯产量下降的主要原因.【结论】最适宜的氮肥施用量为T_2(75kg/hm^2)处理量,而生产上在保证马铃薯品质和高产前提下合适的施氮量应该在75~150kg/hm^2,但不超过150kg/hm^2.[Objective] In order to make clear the relationship between dry matter accumulation and dis- tribution,yield of potato and nitrogen levels and determine the suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer. [Method] Through field experiment,designing 6 nitrogen levels to research its effect on dry matter accu- mulation and distribution and the yield of potato ＇ Qingshu 9 ’. [Result] With the increase of nitrogen rate, the potato yield increased firstly and then decreased,in the third year the yield of T2 （75 kg/hm^2） was the highest, and too high nitrogen application rate reduced the yield. Nitrogen application rate affected growth process of potato and dry matter accumulation, the dry weight balance period was significantly delayed with the increase of nitrogen application rate, ＇ price scissors ’ showed a changing trend with one peak with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The accumulation of dry matter of potato plant and tuber showed ＂S＂ type curve. The nitrogen levels mainly affected the average rate（vmean） and duration（Δt） at the period of rapid accumulation of dry matter, Δt and vmean firstly decreased then increased with the increase of nitro- gen application rate and Δt×vmean value for potato plants and tubers took in the order of T2〉T3〉T4〉 T5 〉T6. The dry matter distribution proportion to potato roots and leaves increased with increase of nitrogen levels. Excessive nitrogen delayed the potato growth period, caused overgrowth of the aboveground, and un- coordinated relationship between source and sink, especially the proportion of dry matter accumulation and distribution of tubers reduced, which resulted in the decrease of the potato yield. [Conclusion] Under the experiment conditions the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer application was T2 （75 kg/hm^2） , to ensure quali- ty and yield of potato, the appropriate amount of nitrogen should be kept between 75~150 kg/hm^2 , at most 150 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：施氮水平 马铃薯 干物质积累和分配 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]