“物有本末,事有终始”:论科举考试的文化渊源  

“From Roots to Branch,Beginning to End”:The Cultural Origin of Imperial Examination

作　　者：张亚群[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第3期132-141,共10页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"中国科举通史"(13JJD880010)阶段性成果

摘　　要：创立于隋唐时代的科举制度既有特定的社会政治经济原因,也有深刻的民族文化根源。从古代思想文化演进过程来看,科举制度是先秦尚贤思想、大一统观念、"至公"理念与"学而优则仕"的教育价值观在特定社会历史条件下相互作用的产物,反映了传统文化的基本价值取向。"大一统"的政治观念和公平选才的文化精神构成了科举考试的本质特征,选贤任能是实现"大一统"政治理想的先决条件和必要手段,公平理念是科举制度赖以产生的社会文化土壤,科举考试是"学而优则仕"理念的制度化。深入探析科举考试的文化渊源,有助于全面认识和客观评价科举制度的历史作用和现实影响。The imperial examination system was founded in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which had particular social political and economic motives and the profound national and cultural origin as well. From the ancient ideological and cultural evolution, the imperial examination system had been the historical product of multiple thoughts such as ＂Gentlemen Veneration＂, ＂Great Unity＂, ＂Absolute Justice＂ and ＂Officialdom as the natural outlet for good scholars＂, reflecting the basic value orientation of the traditional culture. ＂Great Unity＂ and fair competition spirit constituted the essential characteristics of the imperial examination system. Appointing according to talent was the prerequisite and necessary means of the ＂Great Unity＂ political ideal. Whereas justice is the social and cultural soil for the imperial examination system. The imperial examination systematized the thought of ＂Officialdom as the natural outlet for good scholars＂. From a deep analysis of the cultural origin of the imperial examination, it is helpful for us to have comprehensive understanding and objective evaluation of the historical role and practical influence of the imperial examination system.

关 键 词：科举考试 文化渊源 尚贤思想 “大一统”观念 至公理念 社会本位教育价值观 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]