论陌生化理论中的审美偏离及其限度  

On the Aesthetic Deviation and Its Limitation in the Defamiliarization Theory

作　　者：谭善明[1] TAN Shanming(College of Chinese Literature and Language, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai＇an, Jiangsu 22330)

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院文学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2017年第2期15-19,共5页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金年度项目"审美视野中的转义修辞研究"(13BZW007)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：陌生化手法以转义表达突破本义表达,主要是通过修辞手段制造话语形式上的偏离,使人们停留在对话语的审美感受中,这种形式上的审美偏离可以从语言层面、艺术规范层面的偏离以及文学对现实的背离三个方面来理解。在陌生化理论中,文学被看成一个统一体,所有的话语修辞形式都被网罗其中,审美偏离成了文学的自我评价和自我整合,文学因此不断地给自己重新划定疆界,为主流的形式贴上"过时"的标签,为某些被冷落的形式贴上"审美"的标签。似乎审美偏离在某种意义上陷入了"自反式循环",文学只是不断地把某些主导要素"前推",背后有着稳定的系统结构。必须超越这一语法主义的文学观,把审美偏离看成是话语在具体语境下的转义生成,因为"前推"过分强调了新旧形式的连续性和同一性,而忽视了话语修辞活动本身巨大的审美偏离力量:以对本义的背叛为荣,以对转义的追求为乐。The art of defamiliarization breaks through original meaning with tropes, mainly through the rhetorical devices to create discursive form of deviation, so that people would stay in the aesthetic feelings of the discourse. This aesthetic deviation could be un- derstood from three aspects, they are the deviation from language, the deviation from art standard and the deviation from the reality in literature. In the theory of defamiliarization, literature is regarded as a unity, in which all rhetorical forms of language are recruited, so that the aesthetic deviation appears to literature＇s self-evaluation and self-integration. Literature constantly redefines its borders, and pastes ＂outdated＂ labels for the mainstream forms and ＂aesthetic＂ labels for some neglected forms. It seems that the aesthetic deviation in a sense goes into a ＂reflexive cycle＂, for literature only continues to put some of the leading factors ＂forward＂ from a stable system structure. We must transcend this grammatical view of literature and regard aesthetic deviation as the generation of discourse in specific contexts, because ＂put-forward＂ overemphasizes the continuity and power in rhetoric activities： be proud of the betrayal of the original identity of new and old forms while ignoring the aesthetic deviation meaning, be glad to the pursuit of tropes.

关 键 词：陌生化 审美偏离 限度 修辞 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]