上下文预期在快速场景识别中的作用  

The impact of contextual expectation on rapid natural scene recognition

作　　者：孙雨生[1] 张智君[1] 吴彬星 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310028

出　　处：《心理学报》2017年第5期577-589,共13页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371039)资助

摘　　要：本研究首先考察上下文预期是否能够影响快速场景识别,进而通过比较不同空间频率的场景信息来探究上下文预期在快速场景识别不同阶段的作用。共包括3个实验:实验1采用双眼竞争范式,考察对快速呈现场景刺激的主观选择是否受到上下文预期的影响;实验2采用词汇分类与快速场景识别的双任务范式,比较预期与非预期条件下快速场景识别绩效的差异;实验3分别以低频信息(实验3a)和高频信息(实验3b)作为实验材料,探讨预期效应的作用阶段。结果发现:上下文预期可以影响快速场景识别过程中的主观选择与反应绩效;对不同空间频率的场景信息,场景刺激与预期相一致时均可以提高辨别力,但预期对反应偏好的影响只发生在对高空间频率场景信息的加工阶段。因此,上下文预期在快速场景识别不同加工阶段的作用不同,快速场景识别需要结合不同空间频率信息加工的结果。Our visual system has the ability to categorize images of natural visual scenes at a remarkable speed. Some researches suggested that this ability was based on a fast feedforward sweep of visuomotor processing, as top-down signals that reflect strategic processing or attentional effects are too slow to exert any influences. But recent studies have provided new evidences that some local recurrent feedback connections in early visual areas, which are different from the slower attention-mediated processes, might also impact rapid scene recognition. In addition to attention-mediated processes, expectations are also known to greatly affect our experience of the world in a top-down way. In ambiguous situations, such as under a rapid serial visual presentation condition, knowledge of the world guides our interpretation of the sensory information and helps us recognize the scene quickly and accurately. In the present study, we investigated whether could contextual expectation affect rapid scene recognition and the mechanisms behind those processes at different stages of early visual areas. Experiment 1 used binocular rivalry paradigm. On each trial, we first presented a sequence of identical images to the two eyes in order to generate an expectation （animal/non-animal） about the next scene in the series We followed this predictive sequence with a rivalry display in which the predicted category of scene was presented （36 ms） to one eye and a non-predicted category was presented to the other eye. There were three conditions： number of predictive sequence images （between 0 and 12）, the predicted category （animal/non- animal）, and the eye to which the ＂matching＂ rivalrous category was presented （left/right eye）. Experiment 2 used dual task paradigm, in which participants were asked to accomplish a central word discrimination task and a peripheral natural scene categorization task at the same time. In the central task, two words selected from the categories of animal, plants or office equipment were

关 键 词：快速场景识别 上下文预期 前馈 空间频率 自然场景 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]