涡轮增压器轴系对匹配发动机性能的影响  

Influence of Turbocharger Shaft System on Engine Performance

作　　者：周成尧[1] 杨国旗[1] 胡辽平[1] 徐晓波[1] 周马兰[1] 李长波[1] 周刚毅[1] 李杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南天雁机械有限责任公司,湖南衡阳421005

出　　处：《现代车用动力》2017年第1期7-11,52,共6页Modern Vehicle Power

摘　　要：从增压器效率角度对增压器性能进行了分析,指出提高增压器轴系机械效率ηm可提高增压器总效率ηTC,分析了影响轴系机械效率ηm的原因、因素和影响程度,得出轴颈半径r、增压器转速对涡轮功率损失、轴系机械效率影响大,指出增压器转子总成的转动惯量不仅影响增压器的响应能力,也影响增压器匹配发动机的稳态性能,采用UG软件计算、分析了2种不同轴系方案转子总成的转动惯量和质量,小轴系方案转子总成转动惯量小、质量轻,并在发动机试验台架上进行外特性试验对比,得出:小轴系结构增压器具有更低的转动惯量,并由于涡轮低速脉冲收益原因,这对改善发动机低速性能有较大好处,但是对中高速性能影响不大,最后得出了计算增压器轴系机械效率ηm的方程式。Turbocharger performance is analyzed from the perspective of efficiency in this article,and it is pointed out that improving the mechanical efficiency of the shaft assembly of turbochargers may improve the total efficiency of turbochargers.The factors and degree of influence on the mechanical efficiency of the shaft assembly are analyzed.It is concluded that the journal radius and rotating speed of turbochargers have more influence on the turbine power loss and the mechanical efficiency of the shaft assembly.It is pointed out that the rotating inertia of the rotor assembly not only affects the transient response of turbochargers,also affects the steady performance of turbochargers.The rotating inertia and quality of two kinds of different rotor assembly are calculated and analyzed by using UG software,and the small rotor assembly has less rotating inertia and lighter quality.The full load engine performance of turbochargers matching with engines is tested on the engine test bed.It is concluded that the turbocharger with small shaft assembly may have less rotating inertia,and there is impulse income in the turbine when turbochargers run at low rotating speed.It is good for improving engine performance at low rotating speed,but it has very little influence on engine performance at high rotating speed.Finally,the equation of calculating the mechanical efficiency of the turbocharger shaft assembly is concluded.

关 键 词：增压器 轴系 机械效率 转动惯量 发动机性能 

分 类 号：TK423.8[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程] TK424.3