采煤塌陷对中国西部风沙区土壤质量的影响机制及修复措施  

Influence mechanism of coal mining subsidence on soil quality and restoration measures in west China aeolian sand area

作　　者：史沛丽[1] 张玉秀[1] 胡振琪[2] 马康[1] 于冰冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国科学院大学学报（中英文）》2017年第3期318-328,共11页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-神华集团有限责任公司煤炭联合基金重点项目(U1361203);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2010YH05)资助

摘　　要：中国西部风沙区生态环境脆弱,煤炭井工开采造成土体坍塌,产生地表裂缝,导致地下水位下降、土壤含水量减少、土壤养分流失、土壤酶活性降低、微生物数量和群落结构发生变化、土壤沙化、植被死亡以及生物多样性破坏等生态环境问题。主要剖析近年来煤炭地下开采对西部风沙区土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物和植被生长等方面的影响机制,提出塌陷区土壤环境破坏的修复措施。指出今后的研究应集中于采煤塌陷区土壤质量的恢复和土壤微生物多样性的演替规律方面,为中国西部风沙区采煤塌陷地的生态修复提供理论基础和技术支持。The ecological environment is fragile in west China aeolian sand area. Large-scale underground coal mining causes soil collapse and ground fissures, which lead to a series of ecological and environmental problem such as groundwater level fall, serious loss of soil moisture and nutrient, decrease in soil enzyme activities, reduction in soil microbial communities and population, soil sandy desertification, vegetation damage, and destruction of biological diversity. This work analyzes the influence mechanism of underground coal mining on soil chemical and physical properties, vegetation, and soil microorganism, and proposes the corresponding restoration measures of destructive soil environment in west China aeolian sand area. In addition, this worksuggests that the future research should focus on the restoration of soil quality and the successional law of soil microbial diversity. These findings would provide theoretic foundations and technical supports for supervising land reclamation and ecological constructions in coal mining subsidence area.

关 键 词：井工开采 风积沙区 土壤理化性质 微生物多样性 修复措施 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]