早期断奶不同哺育方案对2～6月龄犊牛生长发育与DMI的影响  

Effects of the early weaning by different feeding scheme on growth development and DMI in 2 to 6-month with dairy calves

作　　者：程春梅[1] 杨正德[1] 罗爱平[2] 郭康[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《饲料工业》2017年第9期48-54,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合NZ字(2012)3010]

摘　　要：为研究中国荷斯坦犊牛早期断奶不同哺育方案对断奶后2~6月龄生长发育与DMI的影响,选择品种来源一致、初生~2月龄(61日龄)阶段采用代乳料-犊牛料不同过渡时间哺育方案、实测平均体重(81.96±9.06)kg的健康中国荷斯坦公犊36头,按体重相近的原则随机分9组,以前期哺育方案、能量饲料构成,以及甘露寡糖、微生态制剂不同添加水平为试验因子,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,探索犊牛早期断奶代乳期代乳料-犊牛料不同过渡时间哺育方案对2~6月龄生长发育及DM采食能力的影响。结果显示,试验犊牛2~6月龄的生长强度依次为体重>胸围≈体斜长>管围>体高,以体重为最大,其次为胸围和体斜长;体重估测回归方程为:体重(kg)=胸围2(m)×体斜长(m)×84.06+13.48。对ADG的调控效果,2~4月龄以0.08%甘露寡糖最佳,"7+1"过渡与之相近,比设定水平可提高ADG 10.95%(P<0.05)以上;4~6月龄以"7+1"过渡为优,0.08%甘露寡糖与之相近,比设定水平可提高ADG 11.12%(P<0.05)以上。对DMI的调控效果,2~4、4~6月龄均以"7+1"过渡最优,比设定水平相对提高DMI 10.00%以上;0.08%甘露寡糖与之相似。以能量饲料构成的调控效果相对为小。结果表明,中国荷斯坦犊牛早期断奶代乳期采用7周代乳料+1周犊牛料过渡的前期哺育方案,断奶后犊牛料添加0.08%甘露寡糖、0.10%复合微生态制剂,犊牛料能量饲料构成采用普通玉米可显著提高ADG和增强青粗饲料采食能力。A experiment was carries out to investigate the effect of early weaning by different feeding schemes on growth and DMI to the calves from 2 to 6-month China Holstein male calves. 36 healthy consistent source of China Holstein male calves with actual measurement average body weight of （81.96±9.06） kg were selected and randomly divided into 9 groups according to the principle of similar weight points. Which were adopted different tran sition feeding schemes from milk replacer to calf starters in newborn to 2-month（61 days of age）. Taking the early feeding schemes, energy feedstuffs ingredient, adding mannan otigosaccharide and microecologics as test factors, by using L9 （3^4） orthogonal experimental design, ascertained the effect of the transition feeding schemes on growth and DM intake ability to the calves from 2 to 6-month. The results showed that growth intensity order was the body weight 〉 chest measurement ≈ body slanting length 〉 height, in which body weight was the biggest one and followed by chest measurement and body slanting length in 2 to 6- months. The estimated regression of body weight was that body weight （kg） = chest measurement^2（m） ×body slanting length（m） ×84.06 ＋13.48. In 2 to 4-month 0.08% mannan oligosaccharides was the optimal factor for ADG regulation effect and much closed by 7＋1 （ie. 7wks milk replacer plus 1 wk calfstarer） transition, which improved ADG more than 10.95% （P〈0.05）than those of setting levels. And on the contrary in 4 to 6-month, which improved ADG more 11.12% （P〈0.05） than those of setting levels. For DMI, 7＋ 1 transition was optimal in 2-4 and 4-6 months, which relatively improved more 10.00% than those of the setting levels. The energy feedstuffs effect was the minimum one. It indicated that by using 7wks milk replacer plus lwk calf-starter transition early feeding schemes in lactation stage and along with the 0.08% mannan oligosaccharides, 0.10% compound microecologics, and corn energy feedstuffs type calf-stater a

关 键 词：中国荷斯坦犊牛 哺育方案 干物质采食能力 生长发育 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]