巴赫金审美活动主体“非复调”对话关系视角下的《防守》解析  

An Analysis of The Defense from the Perspective of Bakhtin's “Non-polyphonic” dialogism between Subjects in the Aesthetic Activities

作　　者：谢明琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学外国语学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2017年第2期137-143,共7页Russian Literature & Arts

基　　金：2015年国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"东正教与俄罗斯文学"子项目"东正教与俄罗斯文学中的国家形象构建"(项目编号:15ZDB092);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(优势学科代码:20110101);2013年南京师范大学优秀博士学位论文培育计划的阶段性成果

摘　　要：评论界普遍认为巴赫金和纳博科夫的文艺美学思想存在一定差异性。巴赫金对复调小说推崇备至,而纳博科夫则认定作者的绝对权威。然而,巴赫金对于审美活动的"他者"与"我",即作者和主人公的对话模式分析是动态而多元的。如果说巴赫金在《陀思妥耶夫斯基诗学问题》中侧重于作者和主人公的平等对话关系,那么在《审美活动中的作者和主人公》中则强调了作者对主人公和作品整体性的超视建构,彰显了审美主体间的非平等、"非复调"关系。而在纳博科夫声明作者始终在场的同时,自然也指明了作者与主人公的强弱对立。可以说,就探讨审美活动主体关系性这一问题,巴赫金与纳博科夫的思想是共性中存在差异,差异中又存在共性。鉴于此,本文试图以巴赫金审美主体非平等对话视角来分析纳博科夫小说《防守》中作者与主人公的博弈关系,以期拓展对巴赫金理论和纳博科夫创作的阐释空间。Generally, critics believe that Bakhtin＇ s and Nabokov＇ s literary and aesthetic ideas have some differences. Bakhtin praises the polyphonic novels while Nabokov identifies the author＇ s absolute authority. However, Bakhtin＇ s analysis of the ＂other＂ and ＂I＂, that is, the author and the hero in the aesthetic activities, is dynamic and multi-dimensional. Bakhtin focuses on the equal dialogue between aesthetic subjects in Prohlems of Dostoevsky＇s Poetics;however, in Author and Hero Jh Aesthetl~ Aet/vl？y he emphasizes the author＇ s super-visual construction to the hero and the integrity of the works, highlighting the unequal, ＂non-polyphonic＂ relationship between the aesthetic subjects. Meanwhile, Nabokov declares that the author is always present, naturally, also pointing out the opposition between the strong author and the weak hero. Concerning Bakhtin＇ s and Nabokov＇ s focus on the relationship between the subjects of aesthetic activities, it can be said that there are both similarities and differences in their thinkings. Therefore, in this paper, we attempt to analyze the game relationship between the author and the hero in Nabokov＇ s novel The Defense from the perspective of Bakhtin＇ s unequal dialogue between the aesthetic subjects, with the hope of expanding the interpretation of Bakhtin＇ s theory and Nabokov＇ s creation.

关 键 词：巴赫金 纳博科夫 《防守》 审美事件 主体对话性 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]