心灵的能动性与身心和谐——论莱布尼茨的心灵哲学  

The Activity of Mind and the Relationship of Mind and Body——Leibniz's Philosophy of Mind

作　　者：李天慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学马克思主义学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北方论丛》2017年第3期106-110,共5页The Northern Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"莱布尼茨科学与文化著作编译及研究"(14AZD115);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"莱布尼茨科学符号理论及其价值研究"(16YJC720008)资助

摘　　要：莱布尼茨对心灵的理解散落在其哲学思想的各处,他在不同情况下给出心灵的三种界定,即心灵是理性的灵魂、心灵是"有花纹的大理石"和心灵是上帝的肖像,他从不同层面对心灵的界定展现其心灵内涵的丰富性。在他看来,心灵不同于其他单子的最重要的本性无疑是能动性,能动性是使心灵成为心灵的东西。而为了调和能动性与被动性的关系、更为了给和谐的秩序提供一种形而上学的必然性,莱布尼茨提出前定和谐思想,这也成为他阐释身心关系的基本路径。莱布尼茨对心灵的界定、对心灵能动性的阐释以及对身心前定和谐关系的理解,构成莱布尼茨心灵哲学的基本内容。Leibniz＇ s understanding of the mind is scattered throughout his philosophical thought, and he gives three definitions of the mind in different circumstances, that is, mind as a rational soul, mind as a pattern of marble, and mind as an image of God. Different definitions of the mind show the richness of his definition of mind. In his view, activity is the most the mind important nature of mind and makes the mind to be itself. In order to reconcile the relationship between activity and passivity, but also to give a harmo- nious order to provide a metaphysical inevitability, Leibniz put forward the theory of Pre - established harmony, which has become his basic path to explain the relationship between mind and body. Leibniz ＇ s definition of the mind, the interpretation of the activity of the mind and the understanding of the harmonious relationship between the mind and body, constitute the basic content of Leibniz ＇ s philosophy of mind.

关 键 词：莱布尼茨 心灵 身心关系 前定和谐 

分 类 号：B516.22[哲学宗教—外国哲学]