武术散打比赛规则的加分制和减分制比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Bonus System and Subtraction System of Wushu Sanda Competition Rules

作　　者：张成明[1] 王舜[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]淮北师范大学体育学院,安徽淮北235000

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2017年第4期97-102,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：规则是竞赛的导向标,武术散打竞赛体系的完善,是建立在武术散打竞赛规则优化完善的基础之上,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法和录像分析等方法,对2016武术散打规则的加分制和"散打天下"减分制规则进行深入研究的基础上,根据武术散打项目的本质规律和格斗类项群赛事的共同特征,系统的分析了武术散打竞技比赛加分制规则和减分制规则的优缺点。研究表明:加分制规则下的武术散打锦标赛,台上裁判员执裁时的口令、判罚手势较为繁琐,比赛的流畅性、场面的激烈对抗性较弱,判分评定胜负相对比较客观;减分制规则下的"散打天下"比赛的激烈对抗性、节奏感强,台上裁判员执裁简单,便于武术散打和其他徒手格斗类项目进行交流。在双方实力相近时,存在共性不足,对比赛的胜负的判定会出现差异性评判。建议今后武术散打竞赛规则的改革,亦可采用减分制为主导,加分制为辅的散打规则创新模式,增强观赏度,提高武术散打比赛的竞争力,推进武术散打项目普及和发展。Rules are the guide of competition ; the perfection of Wushu Sanda competition system is established on the basis of optimization and perfection of Wushu Sanda competition rules. This study analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of bonus system and subtraction system of Wushu Sanda competition according to the essential law of Wushu Sanda and common characteristics of fighting events, based on analysis of bonus system and subtraction system of Wushu Sanda competition rules in 2016, by the methods of literature review, expert interview, question- naire investigation and video analysis. Conclusions： In Wushu Sanda competitions under the bonus system, the referee＇s word and penalty gestures are complicated, the game fluency and confrontation are weak, and the score is relatively objective. In ＂Sanda World＂ competitions under the subtraction system, the confrontation and rhythm are strong, the referee＇s judgement is simple, and the competition is convenient for communication between Wushu Sanda and other unarmed events ; when the strength of the two sides is similar, the commonality is weak, and the outcome of game will be judged differently. This study suggested that the reform of Wushu Sanda rules can be the innovation model with bonus system oriented and subtraction system supplement, and it should enhance the enjoyment and competitive ability of competitions, for promoting the popularization and development of Wushu Sanda.

关 键 词：武术散打 加分制 减分制 比较研究 

分 类 号：G852.4[文化科学—民族体育]