农村贫困地区小学生营养知识现状  

A study of the nutritional knowledge awareness among primary students in rural poor areas

作　　者：关炳菊 王情情[1] 潘慧[1] 王婷婷[2] 李荔[1] 甘倩[1] 邢青斌 胡小琪[1] 张倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]北京大学医学部

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2017年第5期654-656,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解农村贫困地区小学生对营养知识知晓情况,为农村贫困地区小学生营养改善及营养知识干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取河北平泉县、湖北五峰县、云南隆阳区、湖南平江县、吉林敦化市5个县区二~六年级2 939名小学生。采用自行设计的调查表,收集学生基本信息和营养知识相关信息。结果学生各项营养知识知晓率为21.4%~97.4%,其中对营养早餐的食物组成认知率最低,为21.4%,而合理选择零食的(97.4%)正答率最高。住宿生多数知识点的正答率高于走读生(P值均<0.01);父母都没有外出打工或仅父亲外出打工学生的正答率高于父母都外出打工或母亲外出打工的学生(P值均<0.01)。各个知识点的正答率随着年级的升高而升高,且地区间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。高年级学生营养知识平均得分为(6.03±1.75)分,不同年级、地区、是否住宿和父母是否外出打工学生间营养知识得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论农村贫困地区小学生营养知识水平较低。应积极开展营养知识宣教,提高小学生营养知识水平。Objective To assess nutritional knowledge awareness among primary students in rural poor areas, and to pro- vide scientific basis for nutrition improvement and appropriate nutritional intervention. Methods Random multi-stage clustering sampling method was employed to select 2 939 primary students from 5 rural areas： Pingquan in Hebei, Wufeng in Hubei, Longy- ang in Yunan, Pingyang in Hunan, Dunhua in Jiling. And then a self-designed questionnaire was conducted to collect their basic information and information regarding nutritional knowledge. Results The accurate rates of nutritional knowledge ranged from 21.4% to 97.4%. Among them, the awareness rate of nutrition breakfast food（21.4%） was lowest, and the rate of choice of drinks （92.2%） and a reasonable choice of snacks（97.4%） ranked highest. The resident students were more correct in most questions than the non-resident students （P〈0.01）. The accuracy rate of the students with no migrant parents or only migrant father was higher than those with migrant parents or migrant mother （ P〈0.01）. The accuracy rate of the relevant knowledge increased with the in- creasing grade, and the differences between areas were of statistical significance （P〈O.Oi）. The average score of the nutritional knowledge among the students at the high grade was （6.03-＋ 1.75）. The differences lying in grade, area, whether board or not, whether having immigrant parents or not were of statistical significance （ P〈0.01）. Conclusion The primary students in rural poor areas are lack of nutritional knowledge. School-based nutritional propaganda and education should be offered to improve the nutri- tional knowledge of primary students.

关 键 词：农村人口 贫困区 营养状况 健康教育 学生 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]