从《不让一个孩子掉队法案》到《每个学生都成功法案》:美国中小学教育问责体系的演变  

From No Child Left Behind to Every Student Succeeds Act: The Evolution of Accountability System in U.S. Primary and Secondary Education

作　　者：杨秀治[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京教育学院学前教育学院,北京100120

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2017年第5期18-25,共8页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2013年度北京市哲学社会科学规划重点项目"北京建设中国特色世界城市与教育国际化问题研究"(项目编号:13JYA003)

摘　　要：美国21世纪初出台的《不让一个孩子掉队法案》启动了联邦主导的基于考试的问责体系的构建,该问责体系曾在改善学生学业成绩上发挥了一定的积极作用,但是也给美国基础教育带来了过度考试的问题。经过多次努力,美国国会终于在2015年12月出台了《每个学生都成功法案》,开启了州主导的多元指标问责体系,这将成为未来教育问责的改革方向。在新的问责体系中,州和学区掌握更多的教育政策控制权,学校教育的成功标准将不再局限于标准化考试成绩。The introduction of No Child Left Behind Act in the United States at the beginning of the twenty-first Century started the federal government dominated accountability system based on examinations. Such an accountability system has played a positive role in improving the students＂ academic achievements, but also brought over-examination to the basic education in the United States. After many efforts, the United States Congress finally passed Every Student Succeeds Act in December 2015, marking the state-dominated ac- countability system with multi indicators will become the direction of future reform of educational accountability. In the new accountability system, states and school districts have more power over education policy-making, and the criteria of school education success will no longer be limited to standardized test scores.

关 键 词：美国教育改革 教育问责 问责体系 基础教育 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]